This paper explores the normative foundations of the plurinational State in the global North and in Latin America. While the legal/juridical justification of the first rests on the basic principles of liberalism, the second rests on the tenets of international human rights law, specifically on the international law of indigenous peoples. Regardless of all their differences, some of which are significant, the paper claims that both are part of a critical approach that aims at reformulating some of the central categories of constitutionalism. Finally, the paper describes the impact of plurinationalism in the current Chilean constituent debate.