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| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202348128 | ||||
| Año | 2024 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
We present the results of a 60-h multiband observational campaign with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array targeting a spectroscopically confirmed and lensed sub-L galaxy at z = 6:07, first identified during the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS). We sampled the dust continuum emission from rest frame 90370 μ m at six different frequencies and set constraining upper limits on the molecular gas line emission and content by targeting the CO (7-6) and [C i](3P2-3P1) transitions in two lensed images with & 20. Complementing these submillimeter observations with deep optical and near-IR photometry and spectroscopy with JWST, we find this galaxy to form stars at a rate of SFR ∼ 7 M yr-1, ∼50-70% of which is obscured by dust. This is consistent with what one would predict for a M ∼ 7:5 × 108 M object by extrapolating the relation between the fraction of the obscured star formation rate and stellar mass at z < 2:5 and with observations of IR-detected objects at 5 < z < 7. The lightweighted dust temperature of Tdust ∼ 50 K is similar to that of more massive galaxies at similar redshifts, although with large uncertainties and with possible negative gradients. We measure a dust mass of Mdust ∼ 1:5 × 106 M and, by combining [C i], [C ii], and a dynamical estimate, a gas mass of M gas ∼ 2 × 109 M . Their ratio (dDGR) is in good agreement with predictions from models and empirical relations in the literature. The dust-to-stellar mass fraction of fdust ∼ 0:002 and the young stellar age (100-200 Myr) are consistent with efficient dust production via supernovae, as predicted by existing models and simulations of dust evolution. Also, the expected number density of galaxies with Mdust ∼ 106 M at z = 6 from a subset of these models is in agreement with the observational estimate that we set from the parent ALCS survey. The combination of gravitational lensing and deep multiwavelength observations allowed us to probe luminosity and mass regimes up to two orders of magnitude lower than what has been explored so far for field galaxies at similar redshifts. Our results serve as a benchmark for future observational endeavors of the high-redshift and faint sub-L? galaxy population that might have driven the reionization of the Universe.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Valentino, Francesco | Hombre |
Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca European Southern Observ - Alemania Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca |
| 2 | Fujimoto, S. | Hombre |
The University of Texas at Austin - Estados Unidos
Univ Texas Austin - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Giménez-Arteaga, C. | Mujer |
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca |
| 4 | Brammer, G. B. | Hombre |
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca |
| 5 | Kohno, Kotaro | Hombre |
The University of Tokyo - Japón
Research Center for the Early Universe - Japón Univ Tokyo - Japón |
| 6 | Sun, F. | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
|
| 7 | Espada, Daniel | Hombre |
Kapteyn Instituut - Países Bajos
Universidad de Granada - España Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias - España UNIV GRANADA - España Inst Carlos I Fis Teor & Computac - España |
| 8 | BAUER, FRANZ ERIK | Hombre |
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
Instituto Milenio de Astrofísica - Chile Space Science Institute - Estados Unidos Space Sci Inst - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Di Cesare, C. | - |
Sapienza Università di Roma - Italia
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - INFN - Italia Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma - Italia Univ Roma - Italia Sez Roma I - Italia INAF - Italia |
| 10 | Espada, Daniel | Hombre |
Kapteyn Instituut - Países Bajos
Universidad de Granada - España Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias - España UNIV GRANADA - España Inst Carlos I Fis Teor & Computac - España |
| 11 | Lee, M. | - |
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Technical University of Denmark - Dinamarca Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca Tech Univ Denmark - Dinamarca |
| 12 | Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava | Mujer |
Faculty of Science - Suiza
Univ Geneva - Suiza |
| 13 | Ao, Y. | - |
Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
University of Science and Technology of China - China CASSACA - China Univ Sci & Technol China - China |
| 14 | Koekemoer, Anton | Hombre |
Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos
Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos |
| 15 | Ouchi, Masami | Mujer |
The University of Tokyo - Japón
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón Univ Tokyo - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón |
| 16 | Wu, John F. | Hombre |
Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos
Johns Hopkins University - Estados Unidos Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos Johns Hopkins Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 17 | Egami, E. | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 18 | Jolly, Jean-Baptiste | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE - Alemania |
| 19 | LAGOS-AGUIRRE, CAROLINA TATIANA | Mujer |
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics - Australia The University of Western Australia - Australia Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys 3 Dimens ASTR - Australia Univ Western Australia - Australia |
| 20 | Magdis, Georgios E. | Hombre |
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca Technical University of Denmark - Dinamarca Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca Tech Univ Denmark - Dinamarca |
| 21 | Schaerer, D. | Hombre |
Faculty of Science - Suiza
Univ Geneva - Suiza |
| 22 | Shimasaku, Kazuhiro | Hombre |
The University of Tokyo - Japón
Research Center for the Early Universe - Japón Univ Tokyo - Japón |
| 23 | Umehata, Hideki | Hombre |
Nagoya University - Japón
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos Nagoya Univ - Japón CALTECH - Estados Unidos |
| 24 | Wang, W. -H. | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys ASIAA - Taiwán |
| Fuente |
|---|
| Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| Fondecyt Regular |
| European Regional Development Fund |
| Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación |
| Junta de Andalucía |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Danish National Research Foundation |
| VILLUM FONDEN |
| Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Danmarks Grundforskningsfond |
| NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute |
| CATA-Basal |
| Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program |
| MCIN/AEI |
| Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades |
| FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| We thank the referee for their insightful comments that improved this article. We are grateful to Aswin Vijayan, Pratika Dayal, and Valentin Mauerhofer for sharing their models and predictions. F.V. warmly thanks Joris Witstok for help and support in using the fitting code M ERCURIUS ; Kasper Heintz, Gerg\u00F6 Popping, and the rest of the GESO team at the European Southern Observatory for useful discussions while preparing this manuscript. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. S.F. acknowledges the support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51505.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. F.E.B. acknowledges support from ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program \u2013 ICN12_009, CATA-BASAL \u2013 FB210003, and FONDECYT Regular \u2013 1200495 (FEB); D.E. acknowledges support from a Beatriz Galindo senior fellowship (BG20/00224) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects PID2020-114414GB-100 and PID2020-113689GB-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, project P20-00334 financed by the Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa, and project A-FQM-510-UGR20 of the FEDER/Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa-Consejer\u00EDa de Transformaci\u00F3n Econ\u00F3mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades. G.E.M. acknowledges the Villum Fonden research grants 13160 and 37440. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA# 2021.0.00055.S, 2021.0.00181.S, 2021.0.00247.S, and 2022.0.00195.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research is also based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1567. |
| We thank the referee for their insightful comments that improved this article. We are grateful to Aswin Vijayan, Pratika Dayal, and Valentin Mauerhofer for sharing their models and predictions. F.V. warmly thanks Joris Witstok for help and support in using the fitting code MERCURIUS; Kasper Heintz, Gergoe Popping, and the rest of the GESO team at the European Southern Observatory for useful discussions while preparing this manuscript. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. S.F. acknowledges the support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51505.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. F.E.B. acknowledges support from ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program - ICN12_009, CATA-BASAL - FB210003, and FONDECYT Regular - 1200495 (FEB); D.E. acknowledges support from a Beatriz Galindo senior fellowship (BG20/00224) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects PID2020-114414GB-100 and PID2020-113689GB-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, project P20-00334 financed by the Junta de Andalucia, and project A-FQM-510-UGR20 of the FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades. G.E.M. acknowledges the Villum Fonden research grants 13160 and 37440. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA# 2021.0.00055.S, 2021.0.00181.S, 2021.0.00247.S, and 2022.0.00195.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research is also based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1567. |