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The cold interstellar medium of a normal sub- L âà  à † galaxy at the end of reionization
Indexado
WoS WOS:001226200200022
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85193815044
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202348128
Año 2024
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



We present the results of a 60-h multiband observational campaign with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array targeting a spectroscopically confirmed and lensed sub-L galaxy at z = 6:07, first identified during the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS). We sampled the dust continuum emission from rest frame 90370 μ m at six different frequencies and set constraining upper limits on the molecular gas line emission and content by targeting the CO (7-6) and [C i](3P2-3P1) transitions in two lensed images with & 20. Complementing these submillimeter observations with deep optical and near-IR photometry and spectroscopy with JWST, we find this galaxy to form stars at a rate of SFR ∼ 7 M yr-1, ∼50-70% of which is obscured by dust. This is consistent with what one would predict for a M ∼ 7:5 × 108 M object by extrapolating the relation between the fraction of the obscured star formation rate and stellar mass at z < 2:5 and with observations of IR-detected objects at 5 < z < 7. The lightweighted dust temperature of Tdust ∼ 50 K is similar to that of more massive galaxies at similar redshifts, although with large uncertainties and with possible negative gradients. We measure a dust mass of Mdust ∼ 1:5 × 106 M and, by combining [C i], [C ii], and a dynamical estimate, a gas mass of M gas ∼ 2 × 109 M . Their ratio (dDGR) is in good agreement with predictions from models and empirical relations in the literature. The dust-to-stellar mass fraction of fdust ∼ 0:002 and the young stellar age (100-200 Myr) are consistent with efficient dust production via supernovae, as predicted by existing models and simulations of dust evolution. Also, the expected number density of galaxies with Mdust ∼ 106 M at z = 6 from a subset of these models is in agreement with the observational estimate that we set from the parent ALCS survey. The combination of gravitational lensing and deep multiwavelength observations allowed us to probe luminosity and mass regimes up to two orders of magnitude lower than what has been explored so far for field galaxies at similar redshifts. Our results serve as a benchmark for future observational endeavors of the high-redshift and faint sub-L? galaxy population that might have driven the reionization of the Universe.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Astronomy & Astrophysics 0004-6361

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Valentino, Francesco Hombre Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania
Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
European Southern Observ - Alemania
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca
2 Fujimoto, S. Hombre The University of Texas at Austin - Estados Unidos
Univ Texas Austin - Estados Unidos
3 Giménez-Arteaga, C. Mujer Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca
Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
4 Brammer, G. B. Hombre Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca
Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
5 Kohno, Kotaro Hombre The University of Tokyo - Japón
Research Center for the Early Universe - Japón
Univ Tokyo - Japón
6 Sun, F. - The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
7 Espada, Daniel Hombre Kapteyn Instituut - Países Bajos
Universidad de Granada - España
Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias - España
UNIV GRANADA - España
Inst Carlos I Fis Teor & Computac - España
8 BAUER, FRANZ ERIK Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
Instituto Milenio de Astrofísica - Chile
Space Science Institute - Estados Unidos
Space Sci Inst - Estados Unidos
9 Di Cesare, C. - Sapienza Università di Roma - Italia
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - INFN - Italia
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma - Italia
Univ Roma - Italia
Sez Roma I - Italia
INAF - Italia
10 Espada, Daniel Hombre Kapteyn Instituut - Países Bajos
Universidad de Granada - España
Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias - España
UNIV GRANADA - España
Inst Carlos I Fis Teor & Computac - España
11 Lee, M. - Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Technical University of Denmark - Dinamarca
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca
Tech Univ Denmark - Dinamarca
12 Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava Mujer Faculty of Science - Suiza
Univ Geneva - Suiza
13 Ao, Y. - Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
University of Science and Technology of China - China
CASSACA - China
Univ Sci & Technol China - China
14 Koekemoer, Anton Hombre Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos
Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos
15 Ouchi, Masami Mujer The University of Tokyo - Japón
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
Univ Tokyo - Japón
Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón
16 Wu, John F. Hombre Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos
Johns Hopkins University - Estados Unidos
Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos
Johns Hopkins Univ - Estados Unidos
17 Egami, E. Hombre The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
18 Jolly, Jean-Baptiste Hombre Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE - Alemania
19 LAGOS-AGUIRRE, CAROLINA TATIANA Mujer Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics - Australia
The University of Western Australia - Australia
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca
ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys 3 Dimens ASTR - Australia
Univ Western Australia - Australia
20 Magdis, Georgios E. Hombre Cosmic Dawn Center - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
Technical University of Denmark - Dinamarca
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN - Dinamarca
Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Tech Univ Denmark - Dinamarca
21 Schaerer, D. Hombre Faculty of Science - Suiza
Univ Geneva - Suiza
22 Shimasaku, Kazuhiro Hombre The University of Tokyo - Japón
Research Center for the Early Universe - Japón
Univ Tokyo - Japón
23 Umehata, Hideki Hombre Nagoya University - Japón
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
Nagoya Univ - Japón
CALTECH - Estados Unidos
24 Wang, W. -H. - Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys ASIAA - Taiwán

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Financiamiento



Fuente
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Fondecyt Regular
European Regional Development Fund
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Junta de Andalucía
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Danish National Research Foundation
VILLUM FONDEN
Space Telescope Science Institute
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute
CATA-Basal
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program
MCIN/AEI
Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades
FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
We thank the referee for their insightful comments that improved this article. We are grateful to Aswin Vijayan, Pratika Dayal, and Valentin Mauerhofer for sharing their models and predictions. F.V. warmly thanks Joris Witstok for help and support in using the fitting code M ERCURIUS ; Kasper Heintz, Gerg\u00F6 Popping, and the rest of the GESO team at the European Southern Observatory for useful discussions while preparing this manuscript. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. S.F. acknowledges the support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51505.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. F.E.B. acknowledges support from ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program \u2013 ICN12_009, CATA-BASAL \u2013 FB210003, and FONDECYT Regular \u2013 1200495 (FEB); D.E. acknowledges support from a Beatriz Galindo senior fellowship (BG20/00224) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects PID2020-114414GB-100 and PID2020-113689GB-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, project P20-00334 financed by the Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa, and project A-FQM-510-UGR20 of the FEDER/Junta de Andaluc\u00EDa-Consejer\u00EDa de Transformaci\u00F3n Econ\u00F3mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades. G.E.M. acknowledges the Villum Fonden research grants 13160 and 37440. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA# 2021.0.00055.S, 2021.0.00181.S, 2021.0.00247.S, and 2022.0.00195.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research is also based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1567.
We thank the referee for their insightful comments that improved this article. We are grateful to Aswin Vijayan, Pratika Dayal, and Valentin Mauerhofer for sharing their models and predictions. F.V. warmly thanks Joris Witstok for help and support in using the fitting code MERCURIUS; Kasper Heintz, Gergoe Popping, and the rest of the GESO team at the European Southern Observatory for useful discussions while preparing this manuscript. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. S.F. acknowledges the support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51505.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. F.E.B. acknowledges support from ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program - ICN12_009, CATA-BASAL - FB210003, and FONDECYT Regular - 1200495 (FEB); D.E. acknowledges support from a Beatriz Galindo senior fellowship (BG20/00224) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, projects PID2020-114414GB-100 and PID2020-113689GB-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, project P20-00334 financed by the Junta de Andalucia, and project A-FQM-510-UGR20 of the FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades. G.E.M. acknowledges the Villum Fonden research grants 13160 and 37440. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA# 2021.0.00055.S, 2021.0.00181.S, 2021.0.00247.S, and 2022.0.00195.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research is also based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1567.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.