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Evidence of a toroidal magnetic field in the core of 3C 84
| Indexado |
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| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202450218 | ||||
| Año | 2024 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Abstract
The spatial scales of relativistic radio jets, probed by relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) jet launching simulations and by most very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations differ by an order of magnitude. Bridging the gap between these RMHD simulations and VLBI observations requires selecting nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN), the parsec-scale region of which can be resolved. The radio source 3C 84 is a nearby bright AGN fulfilling the necessary requirements: it is launching a powerful, relativistic jet powered by a central supermassive black hole, while also being very bright. Using 22 GHz globe-spanning VLBI measurements of 3C 84 we studied its sub-parsec region in both total intensity and linear polarisation to explore the properties of this jet, with a linear resolution of a0.1 parsec. We tested different simulation set-ups by altering the bulk Lorentz factor ÎÃ Â"of the jet, as well as the magnetic field configuration (toroidal, poloidal, helical). We confirm the persistence of a limb brightened structure, which reaches deep into the sub-parsec region. The corresponding electric vector position angles (EVPAs) follow the bulk jet flow inside but tend to be orthogonal to it near the edges. Our state-of-The-Art RMHD simulations show that this geometry is consistent with a spine-sheath model, associated with a mildly relativistic flow and a toroidal magnetic field configuration.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paraschos, Georgios Filippos | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 2 | Debbrecht, L. C. | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 3 | Kramer, Joana A. | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division - Estados Unidos Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Los Alamos Natl Lab - Estados Unidos |
| 4 | Traianou, E. | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC - España |
| 5 | Liodakis, I. | Hombre |
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center - Estados Unidos
Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas - Grecia NASA - Estados Unidos Fdn Res & Technol - Grecia |
| 6 | Krichbaum, Thomas P. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 7 | Kim, J. -y. | - |
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania
Kyungpook Natl Univ - Corea del Sur Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania Kyungpook National University (KNU) - Corea del Sur |
| 7 | Kim, J. Y. | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Kyungpook National University - Corea del Sur |
| 8 | Janssen, Michael | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 9 | Nair, Dhanya G. | - |
Universidad de Concepción - Chile
|
| 10 | Savolainen, Tuomas | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Aalto University - Finlandia Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Aalto Univ - Finlandia |
| 11 | Rossi, E. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 12 | Bach, Uwe | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 13 | Hodgson, J. | - |
Sejong University - Corea del Sur
Sejong Univ - Corea del Sur |
| 14 | Lisakov, Mikhail | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Rusia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Russian Acad Sci - Rusia |
| 15 | MacDonald, Nicholas R. | Hombre |
University of Mississippi - Estados Unidos
Univ Mississippi - Estados Unidos |
| 16 | Zensus, J. Anton | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Research Foundation of Korea |
| Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica |
| European Commission |
| European Union |
| European Research Council |
| NASA |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme |
| Ministry of Science and ICT |
| Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning |
| Marshall Space Flight Center |
| European Research Council Executive Agency |
| IPAC |
| Oak Ridge Associated Universities |
| ATP |
| European Research Executive Agency |
| European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program |
| National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) |
| NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center |
| Max-Planck-Institut för Radioastronomie |
| Fondecyt Postdoctorando |
| European Research Council advanced grant "M2FINDERS - Mapping Magnetic Fields with INterferometry Down to Event hoRizon Scales" |
| NASA/ATP project |
| Conicyt through Fondecyt Postdoctorando |
| EVN project code |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| We would like to thank the anonymous referee for their constructive comments, which improved our work. G. F. P. wishes to thank Dr. Junghwan Oh for his valuable contribution to the preparation of the proposal leading to the observations presented here, Ms. Hui-Hsuan Chung for helping with the facilitation of the observations at the Effelsberg 100m telescope, and Dr. Daewon Kim for his useful comments. This research is supported by the European Research Council advanced grant \u201CM2FINDERS - Mapping Magnetic Fields with INterferometry Down to Event hoRizon Scales\u201D (Grant No. 101018682). J. A. K. is supported for her research by a NASA/ATP project. The LA-UR number is LA-UR-24-22727. The MPCDF high-performing cluster Raven was used for the simulations. J.-Y. K. is supported for this research by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT; grant no. 2022R1C1C1005255). I. L. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. I. L. was funded by the European Union ERC-2022-STG \u2013 BOOTES \u2013 101076343. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. D. G. N. acknowledges funding from Conicyt through Fondecyt Postdoctorando (project code 3220195). Partly based on observations with the 100-m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut f\u00FCr Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101004719 [Opticon RadioNet Pilot ORP]. The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of independent European, African, Asian, and North American radio astronomy institutes. Scientific results from data presented in this publication are derived from the following EVN project code: GP058. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. The data were correlated at the correlator of JIVE in Dwingeloo, the Netherlands. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has also made use of NASA\u2019s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. Finally, this research made use of the following python packages: numpy (Harris et al. 2020), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018) and Uncertainties: a Python package for calculations with uncertainties. |
| We would like to thank the anonymous referee for their constructive comments, which improved our work. G. F. P. wishes to thank Dr. Junghwan Oh for his valuable contribution to the preparation of the proposal leading to the observations presented here, Ms. Hui-Hsuan Chung for helping with the facilitation of the observations at the Effelsberg 100m telescope, and Dr. Daewon Kim for his useful comments. This research is supported by the European Research Council advanced grant \u201CM2FINDERS - Mapping Magnetic Fields with INterferometry Down to Event hoRizon Scales\u201D (Grant No. 101018682). J. A. K. is supported for her research by a NASA/ATP project. The LA-UR number is LA-UR-24-22727. The MPCDF high-performing cluster Raven was used for the simulations. J.-Y. K. is supported for this research by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT; grant no. 2022R1C1C1005255). I. L. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. I. L. was funded by the European Union ERC-2022-STG \u2013 BOOTES \u2013 101076343. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. D. G. N. acknowledges funding from Conicyt through Fondecyt Postdoctorando (project code 3220195). Partly based on observations with the 100-m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut f\u00FCr Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101004719 [Opticon RadioNet Pilot ORP]. The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of independent European, African, Asian, and North American radio astronomy institutes. Scientific results from data presented in this publication are derived from the following EVN project code: GP058. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. The data were correlated at the correlator of JIVE in Dwingeloo, the Netherlands. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has also made use of NASA\u2019s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. Finally, this research made use of the following python packages: numpy (Harris et al. 2020), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018) and Uncertainties: a Python package for calculations with uncertainties. |
| We would like to thank the anonymous referee for their constructive comments, which improved our work. G. F. P. wishes to thank Dr. Junghwan Oh for his valuable contribution to the preparation of the proposal leading to the observations presented here, Ms. Hui-Hsuan Chung for helping with the facilitation of the observations at the Effelsberg 100m telescope, and Dr. Daewon Kim for his useful comments. This research is supported by the European Research Council advanced grant "M2FINDERS - Mapping Magnetic Fields with INterferometry Down to Event hoRizon Scales" (Grant No. 101018682). J. A. K. is supported for her research by a NASA/ATP project. The LA-UR number is LA-UR-24-22727. The MPCDF high-performing cluster Raven was used for the simulations. J.-Y. K. is supported for this research by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT; grant no. 2022R1C1C1005255). I. L. was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Marshall Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. I. L. was funded by the European Union ERC-2022-STG - BOOTES - 101076343. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. D. G. N. acknowledges funding from Conicyt through Fondecyt Postdoctorando (project code 3220195). Partly based on observations with the 100-m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101004719 [Opticon RadioNet Pilot ORP]. The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of independent European, African, Asian, and North American radio astronomy institutes. Scientific results from data presented in this publication are derived from the following EVN project code: GP058. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated by Associated Universities, Inc. The data were correlated at the correlator of JIVE in Dwingeloo, the Netherlands. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has also made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. Finally, this research made use of the following python packages: numpy (Harris et al. 2020), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018) and Uncertainties: a Python package for calculations with uncertainties. |
