In many countries worldwide, the provision of drinking water in rural areas is in charge of the users themselves using public infrastructure provided by the government. This case study, in the context of Chilean rural water supply services (RWS), empirically verified that adequate infrastructure condition and a high quality of service are correlated. If the infrastructure components become damaged or obsolete, a series of events that threaten the quality of service can occur. These issues may encompass distribution and treatment problems and, even worse, service interruptions. Such challenges can have adverse impacts on the health and well-being of rural communities, so it is imperative to identify typologies of RWS infrastructure conditions to formulate targeted strategies and prioritize public investments. The results of this case study, based on a large sample of 406 RWS, offer an insightful classification of organizations into three distinct groups in terms of their infrastructure conditions. The findings underscore the close relationship between infrastructure conditions and the quality of the service delivered. Additionally, the study characterizes these groups in terms of structural, organizational, operation and management, and environmental aspects, providing valuable insights for informed decision-making.