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| DOI | 10.3390/E26040310 | ||||
| Año | 2024 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
The quiet-time solar wind electrons feature non-thermal characteristics when viewed from the perspective of their velocity distribution functions. They typically have an appearance of being composed of a denser thermal "core" population plus a tenuous energetic "halo" population. At first, such a feature was empirically fitted with the kappa velocity space distribution function, but ever since the ground-breaking work by Tsallis, the space physics community has embraced the potential implication of the kappa distribution as reflecting the non-extensive nature of the space plasma. From the viewpoint of microscopic plasma theory, the formation of the non-thermal electron velocity distribution function can be interpreted in terms of the plasma being in a state of turbulent quasi-equilibrium. Such a finding brings forth the possible existence of a profound inter-relationship between the non-extensive statistical state and the turbulent quasi-equilibrium state. The present paper further develops the idea of solar wind electrons being in the turbulent equilibrium, but, unlike the previous model, which involves the electrostatic turbulence near the plasma oscillation frequency (i.e., Langmuir turbulence), the present paper considers the impact of transverse electromagnetic turbulence, particularly, the turbulence in the whistler-mode frequency range. It is found that the coupling of spontaneously emitted thermal fluctuations and the background turbulence leads to the formation of a non-thermal electron velocity distribution function of the type observed in the solar wind during quiet times. This demonstrates that the whistler-range turbulence represents an alternative mechanism for producing the kappa-like non-thermal distribution, especially close to the Sun and in the near-Earth space environment.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yoon, P. H. | Hombre |
UNIV MARYLAND - Estados Unidos
College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Lopez, Rodrigo A. | - |
Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear - Chile
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| 3 | Salem, Chadi S. | - |
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY - Estados Unidos
Space Sciences Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 4 | Bonnell, John W. | - |
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY - Estados Unidos
Space Sciences Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Kim, Sunjung | - |
Kyung Hee Univ - Corea del Sur
Kyung Hee University - Corea del Sur |
| Fuente |
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| National Science Foundation |
| National Research Foundation of Korea |
| U.S. Department of Energy |
| University of Maryland |
| United States Department of Energy |
| DOE Partnership in Basic Plasma Science and Engineering |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| No Statement Available |
| This material is based upon work funded by the Department of Energy (DE-SC0022963) through the NSF/DOE Partnership in Basic Plasma Science and Engineering. This research was also partially supported by NSF Grants 2203321 to the University of Maryland. S.K. was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea through grant no. 2022R1I1A1A01070881. |