For many low-income households in the Global South a house is both a place to live and to generate income in the formal or informal economy. This can include activities in and around the home such as: running small shops selling daily necessities; producing food or crafts; repairing household items; providing services; or growing crops and raising animals. For many households home-based work (HBW) is their main source of income. It is particularly important for people who are more likely to be excluded from formal employment outside the home (such as women, elderly and/or disabled people). The aim of this article is to provide an overview of research on HBW through a scoping review to find research gaps and relevant aspects to study in the future. With a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean, 12 studies published since 2000 were selected for further study. We identified several characteristics of ‘supportive housing and settlements’ which make households more likely to engage in HBW and proposed a model of the symbiotic relationship between housing and HBW. We discuss the implications of our findings for development and humanitarian contexts, make recommendations for policy and practice, and suggest topics for further research.