The following article deals with the discussion around the Inca that exists in the tradition of the Inca chronicles, its controversial scope regarding the origin of the ancient kings of Peru and its imprint of government, which could be characterized as just or tyrannical. This controversy is seen in the light of the comedy La aurora en Copacabana by Calderon, in order to analyze how the playwright inserts himself into one of the argumentative lines of the Hispanic chronicle and makes a notable effort to end the discussion from of the prerogatives of the courtly theater of the Golden Age. Finally, I compare Calderon's strategy with other literary and pictorial manifestations that addressed the figure of the Indian in the American viceregal period.