This article delves into the intellectual contributions generated by the Archaeological Museum and Society of La Serena through the analysis of the scientific production contained in its bulletin during the period of the institutional foundation of anthropological studies in Chile. Through the use of descriptive statistical techniques and content analysis, we define the cognitive dynamics, the volume of scientific production, areas of knowledge, thematic trends, and actors contributing to the development of archaeology and related disciplines. Together with a scientometric analysis, we gather background information to characterize the trajectory of the museum, scientific society, and its members, in the light of the socio-institutional conditions in which the research published in specialized journals is disseminated. The results of this research provide elements that confirm the hypothesis regarding the fragmentation of the fields in anthropology, whose global trend during the period shows the inclination towards the specialization of the areas of knowledge, evidencing the decline of the model of integral science, which outlines archaeology as the predominant field in these studies towards the second half of the 20th century.