In 2009, the case of a child affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia took place. He is treated with good results resulting in complete remission, but relapse occurred later. The parents did not consent to the new treatment, creating a conflict that reaches the legal world and leads to two court rulings of great interest to health professionals. One explained the meaning of the right to life in the clinical practice, and the other dealt with the decision-making process regarding minors based on the theory of the mature minor doctrine, a jurisprudential milestone in Chile. In order to help clarify the meaning of the ruling of the Corte de Apelaciones of Valdivia, its content is presented in clinical terms and ended with the most significant contributions.