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DELVE 6: An Ancient, Ultra-faint Star Cluster on the Outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds
| Indexado |
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| DOI | 10.3847/2041-8213/ACED84 | ||||
| Año | 2023 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Abstract
We present the discovery of DELVE 6, an ultra-faint stellar system identified in the second data release of the DECam Local Volume Exploration (DELVE) survey. Based on a maximum-likelihood fit to its structure and stellar population, we find that DELVE 6 is an old (tau > 9.8 Gyr at 95% confidence) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -1.17 dex at 95% confidence) stellar system with an absolute magnitude of M-V = -1.5(-0.6)(+0.4) mag and an azimuthally averaged half-light radius of r(1/2)= 10(-3)(+4) pc. These properties are consistent with the population of ultra-faint star clusters uncovered by recent surveys. Interestingly, DELVE 6 is located at an angular separation of similar to 10 degrees from the center of the Small Magellanic Cloud ( SMC), corresponding to a 3D physical separation of similar to 20 kpc given the system's observed distance (D-circle dot = 80 kpc). This also places the system similar to 35 kpc from the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), lying within recent constraints on the size of the LMC's dark matter halo. We tentatively measure the proper motion of DELVE 6 using data from Gaia, which we find supports a potential association between the system and the LMC/SMC. Although future kinematic measurements will be necessary to determine its origins, we highlight that DELVE 6 may represent only the second or third ancient (tau > 9 Gyr) star cluster associated with the SMC, or one of fewer than two dozen ancient clusters associated with the LMC. Nonetheless, we cannot currently rule out the possibility that the system is a distant Milky Way halo star cluster.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cerny, W. | - |
YALE UNIV - Estados Unidos
Yale University - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Drlica-Wagner, A. | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Bulik, T. | Hombre |
UNIV TORONTO - Canadá
University of Toronto - Canadá |
| 4 | Pace, A. B. | Hombre |
Carnegie Mellon Univ - Estados Unidos
Carnegie Mellon University - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Olsen, Knut A. G. | Hombre |
NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab - Estados Unidos
NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory - Estados Unidos NOIRLab - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Noël, N. E.D. | Mujer |
Univ Surrey - Reino Unido
University of Surrey - Reino Unido |
| 7 | van der Marel, R. P. | Hombre |
Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos
Johns Hopkins Univ - Estados Unidos Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos Johns Hopkins University Krieger School of Arts and Sciences - Estados Unidos |
| 8 | Carlin, Jeffrey L. | Hombre |
AURA Chile - Estados Unidos
Rubin Observatory Project Office - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Choi, Yumi | Mujer |
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY - Estados Unidos
University of California, Berkeley - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | Erkal, D. | Hombre |
Univ Surrey - Reino Unido
University of Surrey - Reino Unido |
| 11 | Geha, Marla | Mujer |
YALE UNIV - Estados Unidos
Yale University - Estados Unidos |
| 12 | James, David J. | Hombre |
ASTRAVEO LLC - Estados Unidos
Appl Mat Inc - Estados Unidos Applied Materials Incorporated - Estados Unidos |
| 13 | Martinez-Vaquez, C. E. | Mujer |
NSFs NOIRLab - Estados Unidos
Gemini Observatory - Estados Unidos |
| 14 | Massana, Pol | - |
Montana State Univ - Estados Unidos
Montana State University - Estados Unidos |
| 15 | MEDINA-TOLEDO, GUSTAVO ENRIQUE | Hombre |
UNIV TORONTO - Canadá
University of Toronto - Canadá |
| 16 | Miller, A. E. | - |
Macquarie Univ - Australia
Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP - Alemania Univ Potsdam - Alemania Macquarie University - Australia Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam - Alemania Universität Potsdam - Alemania |
| 17 | Mutlu-Pakdil, B. | Mujer |
Dartmouth Coll - Estados Unidos
Dartmouth College - Estados Unidos |
| 18 | Ségransan, Damien | Hombre |
NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab - Estados Unidos
Montana State Univ - Estados Unidos NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory - Estados Unidos Montana State University - Estados Unidos NOIRLab - Estados Unidos |
| 19 | Sakowska, J. D. | Mujer |
Univ Surrey - Reino Unido
University of Surrey - Reino Unido |
| 20 | Stringfellow, Guy | Hombre |
UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos
University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos |
| 21 | CARBALLO-BELLO, JULIO ALBERTO | Hombre |
Universidad de Tarapacá - Chile
|
| 22 | Ferguson, P. | - |
Univ Wisconsin Madison - Estados Unidos
University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos UW-Madison College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 23 | Kuropatkin, N. | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 24 | Mau, S. | Hombre |
Universidad de Stanford - Estados Unidos
Stanford University - Estados Unidos Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology - Estados Unidos |
| 25 | Tollerud, Erik J. | Hombre |
Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos
Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos |
| 26 | Vivas, A. Katherina | Mujer |
NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab - Chile
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile NOIRLab - Estados Unidos |
| 27 | DELVE Collaboration | - |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| National Science Foundation |
| CNPq |
| Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
| Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| Fondecyt Regular |
| Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| FAPERJ |
| University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
| University of California |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos |
| Chinese National Natural Science Foundation |
| U.S. Department of Energy |
| Ohio State University |
| Yale University |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| University of Portsmouth |
| MINECO (Spain) |
| University of Chicago |
| Office of Science |
| FINEP (Brazil) |
| DOE |
| University of Michigan |
| National Astronomical Observatories of China |
| Argonne National Laboratory |
| University College London |
| University of Nottingham |
| SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory |
| University of Sussex |
| Stanford University |
| STFC (UK) |
| National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| Ministry of Finance |
| NSF (USA) |
| Fermi Research Alliance, LLC |
| HEFCE (UK) |
| DFG (Germany) |
| MISE (Spain) |
| CCAPP (Ohio State) |
| NCSA (UIUC) |
| KICP (U. Chicago) |
| Merck Institute for Science Education |
| Texas A and M University |
| Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University |
| US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics |
| LMU Munchen |
| IFAE Barcelona |
| NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program Cycle 9 |
| National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center |
| National Centre for Supercomputing Applications |
| High Energy Physics |
| Division of Astronomical Sciences |
| MIFPA |
| United States of America |
| Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy |
| US National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences |
| NSF's NOIRLab |
| Fermilab LDRD |
| Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago |
| MIFPA (Texas Aamp;M University) |
| international Gemini Observatory, program of NSF's NOIRLab |
| Gruber Science Fellowship at Yale University |
| National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, DOE Office of Science User Facility |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| BASS is a key project of the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Strategic Priority Research Program "The Emergence of Cosmological Structures" grant No. XDB09000000), and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. BASS is also supported by the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. 114A11KYSB20160057) and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (grant Nos. 12120101003 and 11433005).The Legacy Survey team makes use of data products from the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE), which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. NEOWISE is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and the US National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO.This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.This work made use of Astropy, 34 34 http://www.astropy.org a community-developed core Python package and an ecosystem of tools and resources for astronomy.This manuscript has been authored by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. |
| BASS is a key project of the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Strategic Priority Research Program "The Emergence of Cosmological Structures" grant No. XDB09000000), and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. BASS is also supported by the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. 114A11KYSB20160057) and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (grant Nos. 12120101003 and 11433005).The Legacy Survey team makes use of data products from the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE), which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. NEOWISE is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and the US National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO.This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.This work made use of Astropy, 34 34 http://www.astropy.org a community-developed core Python package and an ecosystem of tools and resources for astronomy.This manuscript has been authored by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. |
| The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and the US National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO. |
| This project is partially supported by the NASA Fermi Guest Investigator Program Cycle 9 No. 91201. This work is partially supported by Fermilab LDRD project L2019-011. W.C. gratefully acknowledges support from a Gruber Science Fellowship at Yale University. C.E.M.V. is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF’s NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. J.A.C.-B. acknowledges support from FONDECYT Regular No. 1220083. |
| This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. |
| This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera, which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the DOE and NSF (USA), MISE (Spain), STFC (UK), HEFCE (UK), NCSA (UIUC), KICP (U. Chicago), CCAPP (Ohio State), MIFPA (Texas A&M University), CNPQ, FAPERJ, FINEP (Brazil), MINECO (Spain), DFG (Germany), and the collaborating institutions in the Dark Energy Survey, which are Argonne Lab, UC Santa Cruz, University of Cambridge, CIEMAT-Madrid, University of Chicago, University College London, DES-Brazil Consortium, University of Edinburgh, ETH Zürich, Fermilab, University of Illinois, ICE (IEEC-CSIC), IFAE Barcelona, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LMU München, and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, University of Michigan, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, University of Nottingham, Ohio State University, OzDES Membership Consortium University of Pennsylvania, University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Lab, Stanford University, University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. |
| BASS is a key project of the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Strategic Priority Research Program “The Emergence of Cosmological Structures” grant No. XDB09000000), and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. BASS is also supported by the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. 114A11KYSB20160057) and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (grant Nos. 12120101003 and 11433005). |
| The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and the US National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO. |
