The study focuses on analyzing the economic activities carried out by the Society of Jesus in the Itata Valley, Chile, during the period between 1664 and 1767. The analysis is historical-documentary, allowing for the retrieval of relevant information regarding the eco-nomic activities and networks established by the Jesuits in the study area. The research find-ings highlight that, despite the difficulties and constant indigenous incursions, the Jesuits managed to strengthen the local economy, establishing a second frontier in the Itata Valley. They implemented an efficient administrative system that allowed them to exert control over the territory, introduce modern agricultural techniques, and engage in economic activities such as wine production, cattle farming, and natural resource exploitation. However, the ex-pulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 had a negative impact on the economy and educational sphere in Chile, leading to changes in the regional economic dynamics without substantial transfor-mations in the overall economic system.