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The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 345 from the high to the low emission state
| Indexado |
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| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/201731625 | ||||
| Año | 2018 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Abstract
We report simultaneous observations at different energy bands in radio, optical, UV, X-rays and gamma rays of the flat-spectrum radio-quasar 3C 345. We built the light curve of the source at different frequencies from 2008, the beginning of the Fermi all-sky survey, to 2016, using new data and public archives. In particular we obtained several optical spectra, to study the behavior of emission lines and the continuum in different activity states and to derive the black hole mass. 3C 345 showed two flaring episodes in 2009, which occurred simultaneously in gamma ray, optical/UV and X-rays, and were later followed in radio. The source shows an inverse Compton dominated spectral energy distribution, which moved from higher to lower frequencies from the high to the low state. The reverberation of emission lines during one outburst event allowed us to constrain the location of production of gamma rays very close to the broad-line region, and possibly in the jet-base. We report the observation of an increased accretion after the outburst, possibly induced by the decrease of magnetic held intensity with respect to the low state.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Berton, M. | Hombre |
Univ Padua - Italia
Osservatorio Astrono Brera - Italia Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera - Italia |
| 2 | Liao, N. H. | - |
CASSACA - China
Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 3 | La Mura, Giovanni | Hombre |
Univ Padua - Italia
Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia |
| 4 | Jarvela, E. | Mujer |
Aalto Univ - Finlandia
Aalto University - Finlandia |
| 5 | Congiu, E. | Hombre |
Univ Padua - Italia
Osservatorio Astrono Brera - Italia Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera - Italia |
| 6 | Foschini, L. | Hombre |
Osservatorio Astrono Brera - Italia
Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera - Italia |
| 7 | Frezzato, Michele | Mujer |
Univ Padua - Italia
Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia |
| 8 | Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh | - |
Universidad de Concepción - Chile
|
| 9 | Fan, X. L. | - |
CASSACA - China
Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol - China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Huazhong University of Science and Technology - China Yunnan Observatories - China |
| 10 | Lahteenmaki, A. | Mujer |
Aalto Univ - Finlandia
Aalto University - Finlandia |
| 11 | Pursimo, T. | Hombre |
Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol - China
Huazhong University of Science and Technology - China |
| 12 | Abate, V. | - |
Univ Padua - Italia
Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia |
| 13 | Bai, J. M. | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Yunnan Observatories - China |
| 14 | Calcidese, P. | - |
Nord Opt Telescope - España
|
| 15 | Ciroi, S. | Hombre |
Univ Padua - Italia
Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia |
| 16 | Chen, L. | - |
Osservatorio Astron Reg Autonoma Valle dAosta - Italia
|
| 17 | Cracco, V. | Mujer |
Univ Padua - Italia
Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia |
| 18 | Li, S. K. | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Yunnan Observatories - China |
| 19 | Tornikoski, M. | Mujer |
Aalto Univ - Finlandia
Aalto University - Finlandia |
| 20 | Rafanelli, P. | Hombre |
Univ Padua - Italia
Università degli Studi di Padova - Italia |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| National Science Foundation |
| CAS |
| NSF |
| U.S. National Science Foundation |
| NASA |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Alfred P. Sloan Foundation |
| U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science |
| DOE |
| Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy |
| Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France |
| People's Government of Yunnan Province |
| Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica |
| Regional Government of the Aosta Valley |
| Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius |
| Fondazione CRT |
| Town Municipality of Nus |
| Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society |
| Fermi Guest Investigator grants |
| PRIN INAF 2014 |
| Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. This research has made use of the XRT Data Analysis Software (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC), Italy. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. |
| Acknowledgements. We thank our referee Kirk Korista for comments which improved the quality of the paper. The authors are also grateful to Paola Marziani for providing helpful suggestions about the optical spectra analysis. We thank the internal referee of the Fermi LAT Collaboration Stefano Ciprini and the Fermi LAT coordinators Marcello Giroletti and Sara Cutini for a critical review of the paper. We thank the students of the 2013 NEON observing school Benjamin Hendricks, Jaan Laur, Maijana Smailagić, and Sonia Tamburri, who performed the observations of 3C 345 in July 2013. N.H.L. acknowledges the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 11703093. P.C. acknowledges funds from a 2017 “Research and Education” grant from Fondazione CRT. This work has been partially supported by PRIN INAF 2014 “Jet and astro-particle physics of γ-ray blazars” (PI F. Tavecchio). This work is based on observations made with the Copernico and Schmidt Telescopes of the INAF-Asiago Observatory, and the Galileo 1.22 m telescope of the Asiago Astrophysical Observatory operated by the Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei” of the University of Padova. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clément Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the “Unité des Communes valdotaines Mont-Émilius”. We acknowledge the support of the staff of the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope and Kunming 1 m telescope. Funding for these telescopes has been provided by CAS and the People’s Government of Yunnan Province. The CSS survey is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNG05GF22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program. The CRTS survey is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AST-0909182 and AST-1313422. Data from the Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project were used. This program is supported by Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. The OVRO 40 M Telescope Fermi Blazar Monitoring Program is supported by NASA under awards NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G, and by the NSF under awards AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS web site is http://www.sdss.org. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. This research has made use of the XRT Data Analysis Software (XRTDAS) developed under the responsibility of the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC), Italy. The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis.These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Ital-iana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. |
