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A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect
Indexado
WoS WOS:001018608000001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85163858100
DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/ACC94F
Año 2023
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



We present light curves and flares from a 7 day, multiwavelength observational campaign of AU Mic, a young and active dM1e star with exoplanets and a debris disk. We report on 73 unique flares between the X-ray to optical data. We use high-time-resolution near-UV (NUV) photometry and soft X-ray (SXR) data from the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission to study the empirical Neupert effect, which correlates the gradual and impulsive phase flaring emissions. We find that 65% (30 of 46) flares do not follow the Neupert effect, which is 3 times more excursions than seen in solar flares, and propose a four-part Neupert effect classification (Neupert, quasi-Neupert, non-Neupert types I and II) to explain the multiwavelength responses. While the SXR emission generally lags behind the NUV as expected from the chromospheric evaporation flare models, the Neupert effect is more prevalent in larger, more impulsive flares. Preliminary flaring rate analysis with X-ray and U-band data suggests that previously estimated energy ratios hold for a collection of flares observed over the same time period, but not necessarily for an individual, multiwavelength flare. These results imply that one model cannot explain all stellar flares and care should be taken when extrapolating between wavelength regimes. Future work will expand wavelength coverage using radio data to constrain the nonthermal empirical and theoretical Neupert effects to better refine models and bridge the gap between stellar and solar flare physics.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Astrophysical Journal 0004-637X

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Tristan, Isaiah I. Hombre University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos
UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos
2 Notsu, Yuta Mujer University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos
Tokyo Institute of Technology - Japón
UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos
Tokyo Inst Technol - Japón
3 Kowalski, Adam Hombre University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos
UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos
4 Brown, A. Hombre University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos
UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos
5 Wisniewski, John Hombre George Mason University - Estados Unidos
George Mason Univ - Estados Unidos
6 Osten, R. Mujer Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos
Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos
7 Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
RECONS Institute - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
RECONS Inst - Estados Unidos
8 White, Graeme L. Hombre University of Southern Queensland - Australia
Univ Southern Queensland - Australia
9 Carter, B. Hombre University of Southern Queensland - Australia
Univ Southern Queensland - Australia
10 Grady, Carol A. Mujer Eureka Scientific, Inc. - Estados Unidos
Eureka Sci - Estados Unidos
11 Henry, Todd Hombre RECONS Institute - Estados Unidos
RECONS Inst - Estados Unidos
12 Hart, R. Hombre Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile
Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo - Chile
13 Lomax, Jamie R. Mujer US Naval Academy - Estados Unidos
US Naval Acad - Estados Unidos
14 Neff, James E. Hombre National Science Foundation - Estados Unidos
Natl Sci Fdn - Estados Unidos
15 Paredes, Leonardo A. Hombre RECONS Institute - Estados Unidos
Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
RECONS Inst - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
16 Soutter, Jack Hombre University of Southern Queensland - Australia
Univ Southern Queensland - Australia

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Financiamiento



Fuente
National Science Foundation
NASA
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Space Telescope Science Institute
ESA Member States
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI
Entomological Society of America
Space Telescope Science Institute's Director's Discretionary Research Fund
NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)
JSPS Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/
Independent Research/Development program for program officers at the National Science Foundation
NASA XMM-Newton Guest Observer
JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship Program
NASA ADAP award program

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
This work was supported by NASA ADAP award program No. 80NSSC21K0632, NASA XMM-Newton Guest Observer AO-17 Award No. 80NSSC19K0665, and the Space Telescope Science Institute’s Director’s Discretionary Research Fund 52079.
This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA.
Y.N. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. 21J00106, JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship Program, and JSPS Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program.
This work was supported by NASA ADAP award program No. 80NSSC21K0632, NASA XMM-Newton Guest Observer AO-17 Award No. 80NSSC19K0665, and the Space Telescope Science Institute’s Director’s Discretionary Research Fund 52079.
We acknowledge and thank Dr. Wei-Chun Jao for assistance with scheduling CHIRON observations and for guidance on CTIO 0.9 m data reduction, Dr. Glenn H. Schneider for helpful discussions about young stars and AU Mic, and Dr. Joel C. Allred for helpful discussions about flare heating models that contributed to the observing proposal. I.I.T. thanks Dr. Meredith A. MacGregor and Dr. Allison Youngblood for discussion on stellar flare analysis. We also thank an anonymous referee for comments that helped to clarify results and improve the manuscript.This work was supported by NASA ADAP award program No. 80NSSC21K0632, NASA XMM-Newton Guest Observer AO-17 Award No. 80NSSC19K0665, and the Space Telescope Science Institute's Director's Discretionary Research Fund 52079.I.I.T. acknowledges support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP). J.E.N. was supported by the Independent Research/Development program for program officers at the National Science Foundation. Any findings and conclusions are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.Y.N. was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. 21J00106, JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship Program, and JSPS Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program.We also acknowledge the International Space Science Institute and the supported International Teams 464: The Role Of Solar And Stellar Energetic Particles On (Exo)Planetary Habitability (ETERNAL, http://www.issibern.ch/teams/exoeternal/) and 510: Solar Extreme Events: Setting Up a Paradigm (SEESUP, https://www.issibern.ch/teams/solextremevent/).This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA.This work makes use of observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network.This research has used data from the SMARTS 1.5 m and 0.9 m telescopes, which are operated as part of the SMARTS Consortium.This research has made use of the Spanish Virtual Observatory (http://svo.cab.inta-csic.es) project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ through grant No. PID2020-112949GB-I00.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.