We establish two integral variational principles for the spreading speed of the one dimensional reaction diffusion equation with Stefan boundary conditions. The first principle is valid for monostable reaction terms and the second principle is valid for arbitrary reaction terms. These principles allow to obtain several upper and lower bounds for the speed. In particular, we construct a generalized Zeldovich-Frank-Kamenetskii type lower bound for the speed and upper bounds in terms of the speed of the standard reaction diffusion problem. We construct asymptotically exact lower bounds previously obtained by perturbation theory.