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| DOI | 10.7717/PEERJ.15235 | ||||
| Año | 2023 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Background: The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is the largest scavenger in South America. This predatory bird plays a crucial role in their ecological niche by removing carcasses. We report the first metagenomic analysis of the Andean condor gut microbiome. Methods: This work analyzed shotgun metagenomics data from a mixture of fifteen captive Chilean Andean condors. To filter eukaryote contamination, we employed BWA-MEM v0.7. Taxonomy assignment was performed using Kraken2 and MetaPhlAn v2.0 and all filtered reads were assembled using IDBA-UD v1.1.3. The two most abundant species were used to perform a genome reference-guided assembly using MetaCompass. Finally, we performed a gene prediction using Prodigal and each gene predicted was functionally annotated. InterproScan v5.31-70.0 was additionally used to detect homology based on protein domains and KEGG mapper software for reconstructing metabolic pathways. Results: Our results demonstrate concordance with the other gut microbiome data from New World vultures. In the Andean condor, Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum present, with Clostridium perfringens, a potentially pathogenic bacterium for other animals, as dominating species in the gut microbiome. We assembled all reads corresponding to the top two species found in the condor gut microbiome, finding between 94% to 98% of completeness for Clostridium perfringens and Plesiomonas shigelloides, respectively. Our work highlights the ability of the Andean condor to act as an environmental reservoir and potential vector for critical priority pathogens which contain relevant genetic elements. Among these genetic elements, we found 71 antimicrobial resistance genes and 1,786 virulence factors that we associated with several adaptation processes.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Martinez-Hernandez, J. Eduardo | - |
Fundación Ciencia para la Vida - Chile
Centro de Genomica Nutricional Agroacuicola - Chile Fundación Ciencia y Vida - Chile CGNA Agriaquaculture Nutrit Genom Ctr - Chile |
| 2 | Berrios, Pablo | Hombre |
Universidad Mayor - Chile
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| 3 | SANTIBANEZ-MOREIRA, RODRIGO ALEJANDRO | Hombre |
Fundación Ciencia para la Vida - Chile
Fundación Ciencia y Vida - Chile |
| 4 | Cuesta-Astroz, Yesid | - |
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - Colombia
Univ CES - Colombia |
| 4 | Astroz, Yesid Cuesta | - |
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - Colombia
Univ CES - Colombia |
| 5 | Sanchez, Carolina | Mujer |
Universidad Mayor - Chile
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| 6 | Martin, Alberto J. M. | Hombre |
Fundación Ciencia para la Vida - Chile
Universidad San Sebastián - Chile Fundación Ciencia y Vida - Chile |
| 7 | TROMBERT-LEIVA, ANNETTE NICOLE | Mujer |
Universidad Mayor - Chile
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| Agradecimiento |
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| This work was supported by FONDECYT regular (No. 1181089). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. |
| This work was supported by FONDECYT regular (No. 1181089). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. |