In the present article we review the inheritance of relevant neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson‘s disease and Huntington‘s disease). We highlight the relevance of molecular diagnosis technologies, which are currently unavailable in our country. These resources allow providing better patient care with a more reliable diagnosis and prognosis, as well as an opportunity for genetic counseling. In the near future, therapies will be focused on specific disease mechanisms, and therefore accurate diagnosis will be essential.