The present academic work is developed under the objective of a critical analysis linked to the relationship between the ideological foundations that are generated on the basis of an episteme of neoliberal positioning, the profound consequences that the increasing privatization of formal education occurred in the last decades in Latin America and the multitudinous student emancipatory mobilizations, recently occurred in countries like Chile and Brazil. From an exhaustive recapitulation of the specialized literature, it generates the sense that shows in a growing and installed tendency to privatization experienced in the field of education, the cause of the precarization of relational conditions and learning from the perspective of internal functioning of the school, and in turn seeks to depoliticize the student subject, making it a player of the neoliberal, disarticulated and individualistic system. However, at the same time that the student experiences situations of depoliticization, the emancipatory mobilizations to an inherited system re-politicize the student question, to claim the idea that education is and must be understood with a social look, as a fundamental human right and as an important space for the construction of citizenship in connection with different democratic projects. It concludes problematizing this process that since its development is presenting limitations from the socio-political nature for all the difficulty of achieving articulation of projects that are alternative to neoliberalism.