This paper aims to expose the most relevant general aspects of the philosophical controversy presented in the manuscript course Physics against Thomists (1738) by the Jesuit Master Lorenzo Romo (1703-1768). This unpublished work, given at the Colegio Máximo San Miguel (Santiago de Chile) and preserved by the philosophical tradition with a wrong title, is testimony of the theoretical dispute that the Jesuit maintains with Thomist authors about certain philosophical issues that come from the Aristotelian doctrines. First we present a brief biographical note of the author and some information about his works currently conserved. Then, we analyze especially the Suarecianism expressed in the metaphysical conception of the materia prima and in the controversy about the distinction between essence and existence. To that end, we offer the translation into Spanish of the passages that we have deemed most relevant. In this way, we intend to rescue and make visible the philosophical heritage of the country and, consequently, enable new research in the area and, in particular, around the figure and philosophical work of this Jesuit teacher.