The objective of this article is to know and analyze Pentecostalism as a religion of the poor, described by Nicomedes Guzmán in his novel La sangre y la esperanza set in the Chile of the 30s and 40s. Our theoretical approach is from the history of those below. Methodologically, the study is situated on the disciplinary frontier between history and literature. The work is divided into two major sections: The link of Pentecostals with socialism; and the rescue that Guzmán makes of the Pentecostal imaginary, by conceiving them as poor subjects, describing their cult rituals, their music, their characters, their spaces and the effects of preaching in the street. Our main results, is that it is an original work, unprecedented and pioneering in highlighting the Pentecostals as the religion of the poor and conceiving them as political subjects, whose preaching was a social and political protest.