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| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/ACBA13 | ||||
| Año | 2023 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array observations of the similar to 10,000 au environment surrounding 21 protostars in the Orion A molecular cloud tracing outflows. Our sample is composed of Class 0 to flat-spectrum protostars, spanning the full similar to 1 Myr lifetime. We derive the angular distribution of outflow momentum and energy profiles and obtain the first two-dimensional instantaneous mass, momentum, and energy ejection rate maps using our new approach: the pixel flux-tracing technique. Our results indicate that by the end of the protostellar phase, outflows will remove similar to 2-4 M-circle dot from the surrounding similar to 1 M-circle dot low-mass core. These high values indicate that outflows remove a significant amount of gas from their parent cores and continuous core accretion from larger scales is needed to replenish core material for star formation. This poses serious challenges to the concept of cores as well-defined mass reservoirs, and hence to the simplified core-to-star conversion prescriptions. Furthermore, we show that cavity opening angles, and momentum and energy distributions all increase with protostar evolutionary stage. This is clear evidence that even garden-variety protostellar outflows: (a) effectively inject energy and momentum into their environments on 10,000 au scales, and (b) significantly disrupt their natal cores, ejecting a large fraction of the mass that would have otherwise fed the nascent star. Our results support the conclusion that protostellar outflows have a direct impact on how stars get their mass, and that the natal sites of individual low-mass star formation are far more dynamic than commonly accepted theoretical paradigms.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hsieh, Cheng Han | - |
YALE UNIV - Estados Unidos
Yale University - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Arce, Hector G. | Hombre |
YALE UNIV - Estados Unidos
Yale University - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Li, Zhi-Yun | - |
UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
University of Virginia - Estados Unidos |
| 4 | Dunham, Michael M. | Hombre |
SUNY Coll Fredonia - Estados Unidos
State University of New York at Fredonia - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Offner, Stella S. R. | Mujer |
Univ Texas Austin - Estados Unidos
The University of Texas at Austin - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Stephens, Ian W. | Hombre |
Worcester State Univ - Estados Unidos
Worcester State University - Estados Unidos |
| 7 | STUTZ-FERRIER, AMELIA MARIE | Mujer |
Universidad de Concepción - Chile
|
| 8 | Megeath, S. Thomas | - |
Univ Toledo - Estados Unidos
The University of Toledo - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Kong, Shuo | - |
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | Plunkett, A. L. | Mujer |
Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos
National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos |
| 11 | Tobin, J. J. | Hombre |
Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos
National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos |
| 12 | Zhang, Yichen | - |
UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
RIKEN Cluster Pioneering Res - Japón University of Virginia - Estados Unidos |
| 13 | MARDONES-PEREZ, DIEGO | Hombre |
Universidad de Chile - Chile
|
| 14 | PINEDA-FORNEROD, JAIME DUARDO | Hombre |
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys - Alemania
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania |
| 15 | Stanke, T. | Hombre |
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys - Alemania
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania |
| 16 | Carpenter, John M. | Hombre |
Atacama Large Millimeter Array - Chile
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array - Chile |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| Fondecyt Regular |
| NSF |
| NASA |
| National Science Council |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| NSF CAREER |
| Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute |
| National Radio Astronomy Observatory |
| National Institutes of Natural Sciences |
| National Research Council Canada |
| NASA ADAP |
| National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
| ASIAA (Taiwan) |
| NSF AST |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| Associated Universities |
| ANID Basal Projects |
| National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Student Observing Support (SOS) |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| C.H.H. acknowledges support from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Student Observing Support (SOS). H.G.A. and C.H.H. acknowledge support from NSF award AST-1714710. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA 80NSSC20K0533 and NSF AST-1910106. A.S. gratefully acknowledges support by the Fondecyt Regular (project code 1220610), and ANID BASAL projects ACE210002 and FB210003. S.T.M. received funding from NSF AST grant 210827 and NASA ADAP grants 80NSSC19K0591 and 80NSSC18K1564. SSRO acknowledges funding support from NSF Career 1748571. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA #2018.1.00744.S ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan) and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. |
| C.H.H. acknowledges support from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Student Observing Support (SOS). H.G.A. and C.H.H. acknowledge support from NSF award AST-1714710. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA 80NSSC20K0533 and NSF AST-1910106. A.S. gratefully acknowledges support by the Fondecyt Regular (project code 1220610), and ANID BASAL projects ACE210002 and FB210003. S.T.M. received funding from NSF AST grant 210827 and NASA ADAP grants 80NSSC19K0591 and 80NSSC18K1564. SSRO acknowledges funding support from NSF Career 1748571. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA #2018.1.00744.S ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan) and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. |