The main objective of this article is to analyze the characteristics of the political and social development of the dominant sectors that led the civil war that occurred during the Independence of Chile in the Aconcagua region. The results reflect that the independence process in the territorial space studied was led by the middle sectors, a heterogeneous group in economic and social terms, who allied themselves passively and ambivalently, both to the insurgent and to the royalist side. This conflict is shown to be rooted in the complex political culture rather than "social class". This dominant sector will be replaced, once independence is proclaimed, by the group of large landowners, related to the elite of Santiago. The sources used are the municipal archives of San Felipe, the Sesiones de los Cuerpos Legislativos, the Archivo de Don Bernardo O'Higgins, the collection of Jose Ignacio Victor Eyzaguirre, and the newspapers El Monitor Araucano and La Gazeta del Gobierno de Chile.