Neurological impairment after neuraxial anesthesia is very uncommon, but with possible severe consequences. We report the case of a 30-year-old patient scheduled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia who presented pain during the procedure and neurological impairment in the lower extremities during the postoperative period. The specialized analysis of the case and the paitient's evolution showed that the cause was an acute transverse myelitis. The relationship between this entity and anesthesia is controversial; however, it must be considered in patients undergoing neuroaxial anesthesia who evolve with postoperative neurological impairment and pain in their lower extremities, even though there are no warning symptoms during the procedure. The objective of this report is to alert about the importance of the observation in patients who present pain during neuraxial anesthesia and the prompt evaluation of those who evolve with pain or neurological impairment after the procedure.