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GLOFs of Laguna de los Témpanos, glacier-dammed side lake of Glaciar Steffen, Hielo Patagónico Norte, Chile, since 1974
Indexado
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85113150738
DOI 10.5331/BGR.20R01E
Año 2020
Tipo

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOF) at Laguna de los Témpanos, a glacier-dammed side lake of Glaciar Steffen, Hielo Patagónico Norte, were documented for a period between December 1974 and February 2020. With manual interpretation of 150 remote sensing images of aerial surveys, vertical aerial photographs, Landsat MSS, TM, ETM and OLI, ALOS, and ASTER images, 19 GLOFs were captured/inferred by focusing on icebergs and water levels, except two periods in the 1980 s and the 1990 s for which no image was available. This translates to the occurrence of the GLOF on average once ca. every 14 months. Many GLOFs occurred in late summer to early fall, with a few in late spring: but one GLOF was inferred to have occurred in wintertime. The causes of GLOFs were supposed to be heavy rainfalls, probably accompanied with rapid snow/ice melting by warm air temperatures, judging from the general weather condition over the laguna area. The latest two GLOFs (2016 & 2017) were very large, enough to have completely exposed the lake floor in the middle section. The GLOF of 2017 (Mar. 31) was registered in a hydrograph set up at Lower Río Huemules. After this GLOF, the water level has become stable with a more or less continuous outlet stream along the glacier sidewall and there has been no GLOF to date. So probably the prospect of another GLOF has considerably diminished by now. As Glaciar Steffen receded about 6 km during this study period, the glacier has thinned accordingly, to which the water level adjusted with three distinctive relatively stable states while fluctuating frequently.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Geography, Physical
Scopus
Earth Surface Processes
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Aniya, Masamu - University of Tsukuba - Japón
2 Dusaillant, Alejandro Hombre Universidad de Aysen - Chile
3 O’Kuinghttons, Jorge Hombre Unidad de Glaciología y Nieves - Chile
4 Barcaza, Gonzalo Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
5 Bravo, Sidi Hombre Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Chile

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Financiamiento



Fuente
Olaf Wündlich of Coyhaique

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
Aniya thanks Olaf Wündlich of Coyhaique, Chile, who informed him of GLOFs at Glaciar Exploradores and in the Valley of Río Norte and Río Exploradores. He is also grateful to Roberto León, a pilot of Transportes Aereos, “Don Carlos” (then), in Coyhaique, who shared the information about the weather conditions over HPN from his flying experience of more than 40 years. The comments made by an anonymous reviewer helped greatly improve the manuscript.

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