The Constitution of the Bolivian Republic took a "radical turn" based on the strength, capacity and demand of indigenous organizations to refound and try to think of other ways of conceiving the politics, culture, the nation, the State and specifically the experience of communal reconstruction of the political process in Latin America, a proposal that it is necessary to read and understand in the current global context. The purpose of this research article is to problematize the sociocultural and identity dynamics of the Bolivian indigenous movement and its commitment to refound the nation state. The methodology used was the critical analysis of discourse from the perspective of decolonial studies, in order to understand the praxis of the indigenous subject in its territory. One result found is the importance of rethinking the models and designs of the modern / colonialist State beyond the liberal procedural logic, as Bolivian indigenous peoples have been doing from the community and subaltern praxis in their territory.