The space-related dichotomies of time/space, society/nature and space/society are still a complex methodological challenge for Geography. Simultaneously, Historical Geography is a sub-area capable of reading and producing a dialectic representation of space, by discourse, cartography and images. Thus, this article proposes the concept of geographical time, epistemic component and analytic entity of trans-scalar and trans-temporal spatial issues, operated by historical cartography. Methodologically, it correlates: i) Historical Geography and the scalar representations of space; (ii) cartographical representation as means of overcoming the time/space dichotomy; and (iii) a cartographical praxis of geographical time, in support of society <-> nature and space <-> society dialectics, substantiated in the eighteenth century Colonial Brazil.