Smart coatings are special films that hold predefined properties that make them sense and react to the environment and other external stimulants. Special coating has been formulated based on graphene, which exhibits both antibacterial and antiviral properties simultaneously. In recent days, medical complications and expenses are the growing issues due to the biocontamination of medical devices and implants. Advances in nanotechnology and biological sciences made it possible to design smart coatings for decreasing infections. The antibacterial coating is an important tactic and an approach to prevent biofilm formation and bacterial colonization. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology have shown great potential to overcome life-threatening viral diseases by developing novel broad-spectrum nanotherapeutic platforms to combat viral infections. Some of the nanomaterials have innate toxicity that has a characteristic to destroy the virus directly. This chapter provides an overview of nanotechnology and nanomaterials with regard to varied therapeutic and health-care applications.