The objective of this paper is to address the legal consequences of the susceptibility of direct impact on Indigenous Peoples within the framework of the Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA), which translate into obligations for different actors in the environmental assessment procedure, namely: (i) the obligation of the State to decree an indigenous consultation process; (ii) the obligation of the owner and the State to evaluate a project or activity through an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); (iii) the obligation of the owner to propose mitigation, reparation or compensation measures, and the correlative duty of the State to evaluate them in accordance with the results of the indigenous consultation process. These are three legal consequences that, although traditionally addressed separately by doctrine and jurisprudence, are intimately related, so they should not be separated from each other, but understood together. This way of understanding the scope of the susceptibility of direct affectation is useful both for the actors that participate in the SEIA and for the reviewing body of the legality of the Environmental Qualification Resolution (RCA) and the administrative procedure that precedes it. In addition, the proposal is consistent with the obligations assumed by the State of Chile regarding the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples from the perspective of Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO) on indigenous and tribal peoples