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The Pan-STARRS1 <i>z</i> > 5.6 Quasar Survey. II. Discovery of 55 Quasars at 5.6 < <i>z</i> < 6.5
| Indexado |
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| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4365/ACB3C7 | ||||
| Año | 2023 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Abstract
The identification of bright quasars at z ≳ 6 enables detailed studies of supermassive black holes, massive galaxies, structure formation, and the state of the intergalactic medium within the first billion years after the Big Bang. We present the spectroscopic confirmation of 55 quasars at redshifts 5.6 < z < 6.5 and UV magnitudes −24.5 < M 1450 < −28.5 identified in the optical Pan-STARRS1 and near-IR VIKING surveys (48 and 7, respectively). Five of these quasars have independently been discovered in other studies. The quasar sample shows an extensive range of physical properties, including 17 objects with weak emission lines, 10 broad absorption line quasars, and 5 objects with strong radio emission (radio-loud quasars). There are also a few notable sources in the sample, including a blazar candidate at z = 6.23, a likely gravitationally lensed quasar at z = 6.41, and a z = 5.84 quasar in the outskirts of the nearby (D ∼ 3 Mpc) spiral galaxy M81. The blazar candidate remains undetected in NOEMA observations of the [C ii] and underlying emission, implying a star formation rate <30-70 M ⊙ yr−1. A significant fraction of the quasars presented here lies at the foundation of the first measurement of the z ∼ 6 quasar luminosity function from Pan-STARRS1 (introduced in a companion paper). These quasars will enable further studies of the high-redshift quasar population with current and future facilities.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BANADOS-TORRES, EDUARDO ENRIQUE | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
Observatorio Las Campanas - Estados Unidos Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania Observ Carnegie Inst Sci - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Schindler, Jan-Torge | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania Leiden Univ - Países Bajos |
| 3 | Venemans, B. P. | Hombre |
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
Leiden Univ - Países Bajos |
| 4 | Connor, Thomas | Hombre |
Observatorio Las Campanas - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Observ Carnegie Inst Sci - Estados Unidos CALTECH - Estados Unidos Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Decarli, Roberto | Hombre |
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Bologna - Italia
INAF Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio - Italia |
| 6 | Farina, Emanuele P. | Hombre |
Gemini Observatory - Estados Unidos
Observatorio Gemini - Estados Unidos |
| 7 | Mazzucchelli, Chiara | - |
Universidad Diego Portales - Chile
|
| 8 | Meyer, Romain A. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania |
| 9 | Stern, Daniel | Hombre |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
CALTECH - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | Walter, Fabian | Hombre |
Universidad Diego Portales - Chile
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania |
| 11 | Fan, Xiaohui | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 12 | Hennawi, J. | Hombre |
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
University of California, Santa Barbara - Estados Unidos Leiden Univ - Países Bajos UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA - Estados Unidos |
| 13 | Jin, Xiangyu | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania |
| 14 | MORRELL, NIDIA IRENE | Mujer |
Las Campanas Observatory - Chile
Observatorio Las Campanas - Chile |
| 15 | Nanni, R. | Hombre |
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
Leiden Univ - Países Bajos |
| 16 | Noirot, Gaël | Hombre |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
Saint Mary's University - Canadá CALTECH - Estados Unidos St Marys Univ - Canadá |
| 17 | Pensabene, A. | Hombre |
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca - Italia
Univ Milano Bicocca - Italia |
| 18 | Rix, H. -W. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania |
| 19 | Simon, Joseph | Hombre |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos CALTECH - Estados Unidos UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos |
| 20 | Verdoes Kleijn, Gijs A. | Hombre |
Kapteyn Instituut - Países Bajos
Univ Groningen - Países Bajos |
| 21 | Zou, S. | - |
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania |
| 22 | Yang, Da Ming | - |
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
Leiden Univ - Países Bajos |
| 23 | Connor, Andrew | Hombre |
Monash University - Australia
MONASH UNIV - Australia |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| NSF |
| European Research Council |
| Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
| INSU/CNRS (France) |
| MPG (Germany) |
| IGN (Spain) |
| ERC |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Johns Hopkins University |
| Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics |
| Max-Planck-Gesellschaft |
| Durham University |
| University of Edinburgh |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek |
| Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute |
| Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
| National Research Council Canada |
| Fondazione Cariplo |
| Australian Government |
| National Central University of Taiwan |
| National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy |
| Science and Industry Endowment Fund |
| Government of Western Australia |
| Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada |
| Queen's University Belfast |
| Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| University of Maryland |
| Canadian Space Agency |
| Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory |
| NSF Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) |
| Ohio Board of Regents |
| Ohio State University Office of Research |
| Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie |
| University of Hawai'i |
| Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações |
| Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie |
| UK Science and Technology Funding Council |
| Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers |
| JPL RTD program |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem |
| SURF |
| NSF's NOIRLab |
| International Gemini Observatory |
| Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación |
| Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy, and Germany. The LBT Corporation partners are: The University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University; The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota and University of Virginia. This paper used data obtained with the MODS spectrograph built with funding from NSF grant AST-9987045 and the NSF Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP), with additional funds from the Ohio Board of Regents and the Ohio State University Office of Research. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. |
| The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST-1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. |
| LOFAR data products were provided by the LOFAR Surveys Key Science project (LSKSP; https://lofar-surveys.org/ ) and were derived from observations with the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT). LOFAR (van Haarlem et al. ) is the Low Frequency Array designed and constructed by ASTRON. It has observing, data processing, and data storage facilities in several countries, which are owned by various parties (each with their own funding sources), and which are collectively operated by the ILT foundation under a joint scientific policy. The efforts of the LSKSP have benefited from funding from the European Research Council, NOVA, NWO, CNRS-INSU, the SURF Co-operative, the UK Science and Technology Funding Council and the Jülich Supercomputing Centre. |
| E.B. would like to thank all the telescope operators and observatory staff who made the many nights at the telescopes discovering these quasars enjoyable and successful. We thank Linhua Jiang for providing the discovery spectrum of P218+04. E.B. also thanks Alex Ji, Silvia Belladitta, Dillon Dong, Andrew Newman, Konstantina Boutsia, Michael Rauch, Peter Boorman, Marianne Heida, George Lansbury, Adric Riedel, Emmanuel Momjian, Fred Davies, and Lucas Ighina for insightful discussions and/or support in some of the observing runs. A.P. acknowledges support from Fondazione Cariplo grant no. 2020-0902. R.A.M. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant 740246 (Cosmic_Gas). E.P.F. is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. G.N. acknowledges funding support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through a Discovery Grant and Discovery Accelerator Supplement, and from the Canadian Space Agency through grant 18JWST-GTO1. J.S. acknowledges support from the JPL RTD program. |
| Part of this work has been made possible thanks to the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy instrumentation grant for the AstroWISE information system. |
| The LBT is an international collaboration among institutions in the United States, Italy, and Germany. The LBT Corporation partners are: The University of Arizona on behalf of the Arizona university system; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy; LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Germany, representing the Max Planck Society, the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, and Heidelberg University; The Ohio State University; The Research Corporation, on behalf of The University of Notre Dame, University of Minnesota and University of Virginia. This paper used data obtained with the MODS spectrograph built with funding from NSF grant AST-9987045 and the NSF Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP), with additional funds from the Ohio Board of Regents and the Ohio State University Office of Research. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. |
| The ASKAP radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is managed by Australia's national science agency, CSIRO. Operation of ASKAP is funded by the Australian Government with support from the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy. ASKAP uses the resources of the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre. Establishment of ASKAP, the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory and the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre are initiatives of the Australian Government, with support from the Government of Western Australia and the Science and Industry Endowment Fund. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamatji people as the traditional owners of the Observatory site. This paper includes archived data obtained through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive, CASDA (https://data.csiro.au). |
