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Water Context in Latin America and the Caribbean: Distribution, Regulations and Prospects for Water Reuse and Reclamation
Indexado
WoS WOS:000881354900001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85141832857
DOI 10.3390/W14213589
Año 2022
Tipo revisión

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Water scarcity is a problem of global relevance that is affecting more and more people in the world. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have around 35% of the world’s renewable water resources. However, the management of water resources and inequality in access to water has made water scarcity a problem of growing interest in the region. The reuse of water could be an efficient measure to reduce the demand for water resources in the area. In particular, the reuse of greywater is a simple and decentralized method of water reuse, which would mitigate the impact of the lack of water in isolated or difficult-to-access areas. Using the Aquastat database, water consumption in the world and water availability in LAC were studied. In addition, the regulatory framework for water in LAC countries was studied, with an emphasis on water reuse and greywater legislation. Agriculture is one of the most demanding of water in the world, particularly, in LAC, which demands around 70% of renewable water resources. Furthermore, in LAC, the availability of drinking water in rural areas is lacking, with seven countries having less than 80% access to healthy drinking water. The water regulation in LAC is quite heterogeneous. The most general regulation around water is found in the political constitutions of each country. Some constitutions explicitly indicate access to water as a human right, while other constitutions do not include information in this regard. Although some countries have specific regulations on the reuse of wastewater, there is a general lack of regulations related to the reuse of greywater. In most cases, the term “greywater” is not even defined in the general water and wastewater laws. As of the date of this article, only Chile, Peru, and Brazil have bills to regulate the reuse of greywater, of which only the Chilean is approved. The reuse of greywater could help reduce water demand for non-drinking uses. However, the implementation of greywater treatment systems represents a cost that is difficult to cover, especially in the poorest countries of the region. Countries must improve their public policies to improve the management, use and reuse of water to mitigate water scarcity that severely affects human consumption in the region. The relevance of this study lies in providing a general framework of the water situation in LAC for studies and public policies focused on promoting water reuse as a measure to mitigate water scarcity.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Water 2073-4441

Métricas Externas



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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Water Resources
Scopus
Aquatic Science
Geography, Planning And Development
Biochemistry
Water Science And Technology
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Rodriguez, Carolina Mujer Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
2 García, Bárbara - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
3 PINTO-PALACIOS, CATALINA JAVIERA Mujer Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
4 SANCHEZ-ACUNA, RAFAEL ESTEBAN Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
5 SERRANO-ACEVEDO, JENNYFER SCARLETT Mujer Universidad Mayor - Chile
6 Leiva, Eduardo Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile

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Financiamiento



Fuente
FONDECYT Iniciación
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Proyecto de Políticas Públicas UC 2020
Proyecto de Politicas Publicas UC 2020 "Politica de reutilizacion de aguas grises en Chile: una propuesta para la implementacion en comunidades rurales de la ley que regula la recoleccion, reutilizacion y disposicion de aguas grises"
Proyecto Corfo "Consorcio Tecnologico del Agua"

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
This research has received funding by Proyecto Corfo “Consorcio Tecnológico del Agua 20CTECGH-145896”, Proyecto de Políticas Públicas UC 2020 “Política de reutilización de aguas grises en Chile: una propuesta para la implementación en comunidades rurales de la ley que regula la recolección, reutilización y disposición de aguas grises” and Fondecyt Iniciación 11191154 (2019–2022) grants.
This research has received funding by Proyecto Corfo "Consorcio Tecnologico del Agua 20CTECGH-145896", Proyecto de Politicas Publicas UC 2020 "Politica de reutilizacion de aguas grises en Chile: una propuesta para la implementacion en comunidades rurales de la ley que regula la recoleccion, reutilizacion y disposicion de aguas grises" and Fondecyt Iniciacion X11191154 (2019-2022) grants.

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