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Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS). VII. Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters of the Galactic Bulge
| Indexado |
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| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4357/AC94C5 | ||||
| Año | 2022 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Abstract
We present photometric evidence for multiple stellar populations (MPs) in 14 globular clusters (GCs) toward the southern Galactic bulge. The photometric data come as part of the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey, which is a deep, wide-field near-UV-near-IR (ugrizY) survey of the southern Galactic bulge. Here, we present the first systematic study of bulge GC multiple populations with deep photometry including the u band, which is a crucial indicator of the abundance of CNO-bearing molecules in stellar atmospheres. We identify cluster members using Gaia EDR3 proper motion measurements, and then isolate red giant branch stars using r versus u − r color-magnitude diagrams. We find evidence suggesting all 14 clusters host at least two populations, and NGC 6441, NGC 6626, and NGC 6656 appear to have at least three populations. Many of these clusters are not part of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) surveys nor do they have comprehensive spectroscopic analyses so we are presenting the first evidence of MPs in several clusters. Not only do we find a strong anticorrelation between the fraction of first-generation stars and cluster absolute V magnitude, but the correlation coefficient and cluster-to-cluster scatter are similar to the results obtained from HST. Our ground-based data extend to much larger radial distances than similar HST observations, enabling a reliable estimate of the global fraction of first-generation stars in each cluster. This study demonstrates that ground-based u-band photometry as provided by DECam will prove powerful in the study of multiple populations in resolved GCs.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kader, Justin A. | Hombre |
University of California, Irvine - Estados Unidos
Indiana University Bloomington - Estados Unidos Univ Calif Irvine - Estados Unidos Indiana Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Pilachowski, C. | Mujer |
Indiana University Bloomington - Estados Unidos
Indiana Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Johnson, Christian I. | Hombre |
Indiana University Bloomington - Estados Unidos
Space Telescope Science Institute - Estados Unidos Indiana Univ - Estados Unidos Space Telescope Sci Inst - Estados Unidos |
| 4 | Rich, R. Michael | Hombre |
University of California, Los Angeles - Estados Unidos
UCLA - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Young, Michael D. | Hombre |
Indiana University Bloomington - Estados Unidos
Indiana Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Simion, Iulia T. | Mujer |
Shanghai University - China
Shanghai Univ - China |
| 7 | Clarkson, W. I. | Hombre |
University of Michigan-Dearborn - Estados Unidos
UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos |
| 8 | Michael, Scott | Hombre |
Indiana University Bloomington - Estados Unidos
Indiana Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Kunder, Andrea | Mujer |
Saint Martin's University - Estados Unidos
St Martins Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | Vivas, A. Katherina | Mujer |
Cerro Tololo Inter American Observatory - Chile
NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab - Chile NOIRLab - Estados Unidos |
| 11 | Koch, A. | Hombre |
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania |
| 12 | Marchetti, Tommaso | Hombre |
Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania
ESO - Alemania European Southern Observ - Alemania |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
| Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico |
| University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos |
| Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine |
| U.S. Department of Energy |
| U.S. National Science Foundation |
| Ohio State University |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) |
| Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| University of Portsmouth |
| University of Chicago |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom |
| University of Michigan |
| HST |
| Ministry of Science and Education of Spain |
| Higher Education Funding Council for England |
| National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |
| Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago |
| Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University |
| Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University |
| Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao |
| University College London |
| University of Edinburgh |
| Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies |
| University of Nottingham |
| SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory |
| University of Sussex |
| Stanford University |
| European Space Agency |
| Fermilab |
| Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey |
| Texas A and M University |
| Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University |
| DPAC |
| Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich |
| National Centre for Supercomputing Applications |
| Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium |
| University of California, Santa Cruz |
| Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
| Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory |
| Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |
| Fundaco Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
| Diabetes Patient Advocacy Coalition |
| Institut de Cióncies de l’Espai |
| HST Director's Discretionary Research Fund |
| Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1413755 and AST-1412673. A.J.K.H. gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 138713538—SFB 881 (“The Milky Way System”), subprojects A03, A05, A11. A.M.K. acknowledges support from grant AST-2009836 from the National Science Foundation. C.I.J. gratefully acknowledges support from the HST Director’s Discretionary Research Fund D0001.82494. Data used in this paper are from the Blanco DECam Survey Collaboration. This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundaçõ Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovacão, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Enérgeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Cióncies de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física dAltes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the OzDES Membership Consortium the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. Based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (2013A-0529; 2014A-0480; PI: Rich), National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, as well as the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS (DOI:10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23 This research has also made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. |
| The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1413755 and AST-1412673. A.J.K.H. gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 138713538—SFB 881 (“The Milky Way System”), subprojects A03, A05, A11. A.M.K. acknowledges support from grant AST-2009836 from the National Science Foundation. C.I.J. gratefully acknowledges support from the HST Director’s Discretionary Research Fund D0001.82494. Data used in this paper are from the Blanco DECam Survey Collaboration. This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundaçõ Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovacão, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Enérgeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Cióncies de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física dAltes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the OzDES Membership Consortium the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University. Based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (2013A-0529; 2014A-0480; PI: Rich), National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, as well as the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS (DOI:10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23 This research has also made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. |
| The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23 This research has also made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. |
