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| DOI | 10.1578/AM.48.5.2022.436 | ||||
| Año | 2022 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are marine apex predators distributed across the world's oceans. In the last 40 years, researchers have increasingly differentiated killer whales into ecotypes based on genetics, morphology, behaviour, acoustic repertoire, habitat, and trophic ecology. While killer whale ecotypes in the Northern Hemisphere are well studied, the recognition of distinct killer whale forms in the Southern Hemisphere is mainly limited to Antarctic waters. Although present in less studied regions, such as along the Atacama Desert coast in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, limited information is available regarding their biology or trophic ecology. Herein, multiple lines of evidence are presented for killer whale predation on marine mammals in northern Chile. Using information from systematic boat-based surveys, whale-watching tour surveys, and reports from fishermen/citizen scientists, 19 killer whale sightings are reported along the coast of northern Chile (from the Arica and Parinacota region in the north to the Atacama region in the south). Killer whales were photo-identified as corresponding to the Southern Hemisphere Type A-like ecotype according to their dorsal fin shape and white eye patch. One killer whale pod, which included two males, one female, one juvenile, and one calf, was resighted six times from 2016 to 2021 in northern Chile and was observed hunting South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens), dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus cf. capensis). Killer whales were observed taking advantage of large aggregations of sea lions associated with the offshore purse-seine fishery. Adult killer whales used the hulls of fishing vessels to prevent sea lions from escaping. Photo-identification analysis of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) catalogue from Mejillones Peninsula showed that 2.6% of all identified whales had apparent rake marks from killer whale teeth on their dorsal fins. These data show that Type A-like killer whales in northern Chile prey on several species of marine mammals.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Garcia-Cegarra, Ana M. | Mujer |
Ctr Invest Fauna Marina & Avistamiento Cetaceos C - Chile
Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile Centro de Investigación de Fauna Marina y Avistamiento de Cetáceos - Chile |
| Agradecimiento |
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| I warmly thank Luis Gonz?lez from Turismos Orca for providing pictures and sightings? posi-tions of killer whales in Cha?aral de Aceituno. Thanks to Owen Polo for creating the kernel den-sity map. Thanks to the fishermen from Mejillones who provided photos and sightings? positions of killer whales predating on sea lions through CIFAMAC NGO social media. I thank Ignacio Leyton for their drone videos during the Menacho pod encounter in Mejillones Bay. I warmly thank Dr. Chris Harrod for proofreading the English and the content of the manuscript. I warmly thank Dr. Koen Van Waerebeek for his revision of this man-uscript, suggestions to improve it, and analysis of the Type A-like Southern Hemisphere killer whale ecotype. Systematic boat-based surveys were par-tially funded by Porpoise Conservation Society. AG was funded under the ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral Fellow (3210483) . Thank you to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve this article. |
| I warmly thank Luis González from Turismos Orca for providing pictures and sightings’ positions of killer whales in Chañaral de Aceituno. Thanks to Owen Polo for creating the kernel density map. Thanks to the fishermen from Mejillones who provided photos and sightings’ positions of killer whales predating on sea lions through CIFAMAC NGO social media. I thank Ignacio Leyton for their drone videos during the Menacho pod encounter in Mejillones Bay. I warmly thank Dr. Chris Harrod for proofreading the English and the content of the manuscript. I warmly thank Dr. Koen Van Waerebeek for his revision of this manuscript, suggestions to improve it, and analysis of the Type A-like Southern Hemisphere killer whale ecotype. Systematic boat-based surveys were partially funded by Porpoise Conservation Society. AG was funded under the ANID FONDECYT Postdoctoral Fellow (3210483). Thank you to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve this article. |