The teoretical work of the soviet philosopher, linguist and theoretician literacy, Valentin Voloshinov has been obscured until a few years ago. That situation was not caused for a confusion about the property of Voloshinov's texts, but a misunderstood about his posture and difference whit Bakhtin. Therefore, we must clarify Voloshinov contributions on linguistic and literacy theory. In this sense this work shows briefly the more important elements and instrumental concepts developed by Voloshinov, including a contrast with Bakhtin in the field of the literacy and linguistic conception.