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| DOI | 10.3847/2041-8213/AC6429 | ||||
| Año | 2022 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
We present the first event-horizon-scale images and spatiotemporal analysis of Sgr A* taken with the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Imaging of Sgr A* has been conducted through surveys over a wide range of imaging assumptions using the classical CLEAN algorithm, regularized maximum likelihood methods, and a Bayesian posterior sampling method. Different prescriptions have been used to account for scattering effects by the interstellar medium toward the Galactic center. Mitigation of the rapid intraday variability that characterizes Sgr A* has been carried out through the addition of a “variability noise budget” in the observed visibilities, facilitating the reconstruction of static full-track images. Our static reconstructions of Sgr A* can be clustered into four representative morphologies that correspond to ring images with three different azimuthal brightness distributions and a small cluster that contains diverse nonring morphologies. Based on our extensive analysis of the effects of sparse (u, v)-coverage, source variability, and interstellar scattering, as well as studies of simulated visibility data, we conclude that the Event Horizon Telescope Sgr A* data show compelling evidence for an image that is dominated by a bright ring of emission with a ring diameter of ∼50 μas, consistent with the expected “shadow” of a 4 × 106 M☉ black hole in the Galactic center located at a distance of 8 kpc.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Akiyama, Kazunori | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 2 | Alberdi, A. | Hombre |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
CSIC - España CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España |
| 3 | Alef, Walter | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 4 | Algaba, Juan Carlos | Hombre |
Universiti Malaya - Malasia
Univ Malaya - Malasia |
| 5 | Jung-Richardt, I. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos The University of Texas at San Antonio - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Univ Texas San Antonio - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Asada, Keiichi | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 7 | Azulay, Rebecca | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Universitat de València - España Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Univ Valencia - España |
| 8 | Bach, Uwe | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 9 | Baczkovic, Anne-Kathrin | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 10 | Ball, David | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 11 | Baloković, Mislav | - |
Yale University - Estados Unidos
|
| 12 | Barrett, John | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 13 | Bauböck, Michi | - |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
|
| 14 | Benson, Bradford A. | Hombre |
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos
The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos |
| 15 | Bintley, Dan | - |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos |
| 16 | Blackburn, L. | Mujer |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 17 | Blundell, Raymond | Hombre |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 18 | Bouman, Katherine L. | Mujer |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
CALTECH - Estados Unidos |
| 19 | Bower, Geoffrey C. | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa - Estados Unidos Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 20 | Boyce, Hope | Mujer |
Université McGill - Canadá
MCGILL UNIV - Canadá |
| 21 | Bremer, Michael | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 22 | Brinkerink, Christiaan D. | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 23 | Brissenden, Roger | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 24 | Britzen, Silke | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 25 | Broderick, Avery E. | - |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá
University of Waterloo - Canadá Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá Univ Waterloo - Canadá |
| 26 | Broguiere, Dominique | - |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 27 | Bronzwaer, Thomas | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 28 | Bustamante, Sandra | Mujer |
University of Massachusetts Amherst - Estados Unidos
Univ Massachusetts - Estados Unidos |
| 29 | Byun, Do Young | - |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur |
| 29 | Byun, Do-Young | - |
Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur |
| 29 | Byun, Do Young | - |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur |
| 30 | Carlstrom, John E. | Hombre |
The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos The Enrico Fermi Institute - Estados Unidos UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos |
| 31 | Ceccobello, C. | Mujer |
Onsala Space Observatory - Suecia
Chalmers Univ Technol - Suecia |
| 32 | Chael, Andrew | Hombre |
Princeton University - Estados Unidos
NASA Hubble Fellowship Program - Estados Unidos Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 33 | Chan, Chi Kwan | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
|
| 33 | Chan, Chi-kwan | - |
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos |
| 33 | Chan, Chi Kwan | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
|
| 34 | Chatterjee, Koushik | - |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 35 | Chatterjee, Shami | - |
Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science - Estados Unidos
CORNELL UNIV - Estados Unidos |
| 36 | Chen, Ming Tang | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 36 | Chen, Ming-Tang | - |
Acad Sinica - Estados Unidos
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán |
| 36 | Chen, Ming Tang | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 37 | Chen, Yongjun | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 38 | Cheng, Xiaopeng | - |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur |
| 39 | Cho, Ilje | - |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
CSIC - España CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España |
| 40 | Christian, Pierre | Hombre |
Fairfield University - Estados Unidos
Fairfield Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 41 | Conroy, Nicholas S. | Hombre |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos |
| 42 | Conway, J. | Hombre |
Onsala Space Observatory - Suecia
Chalmers Univ Technol - Suecia |
| 43 | Cordes, James M. | Hombre |
Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science - Estados Unidos
CORNELL UNIV - Estados Unidos |
| 44 | Crawford, Thomas M. | Hombre |
The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos |
| 45 | Crew, G. | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 46 | Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania |
| 47 | Cui, Yuzhu | - |
Shanghai Jiao Tong University - China
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón The Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ - China Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI - Japón |
| 48 | Davelaar, Jordy | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Columbia University - Estados Unidos Simons Foundation - Estados Unidos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Flatiron Inst - Estados Unidos Columbia Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 49 | De Laurentis, Mariafelicia | - |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II - Italia Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli - Italia Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Univ Napoli Federico II - Italia Compl Univ Monte S Angelo - Italia |
| 50 | Deane, Roger | Hombre |
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg - República de Sudáfrica
University of Pretoria - República de Sudáfrica Rhodes University - República de Sudáfrica Univ Witwatersrand - República de Sudáfrica Univ Pretoria - República de Sudáfrica Rhodes Univ - República de Sudáfrica |
| 51 | Dempsey, J. | Mujer |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy - Países Bajos ASTRON - Países Bajos East Asian Observ - Estados Unidos James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT - Estados Unidos |
| 52 | Desvignes, Gregory | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
L'Observatoire de Paris - Francia Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania UNIV PARIS - Francia |
| 53 | Dexter, J. | Hombre |
University of Colorado Boulder - Estados Unidos
UNIV COLORADO - Estados Unidos |
| 54 | Dhruv, Vedant | - |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos The Grainger College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 55 | Steenkamp, R. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 56 | Dougall, Sean T. | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 57 | Dzib, Sergio A. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 58 | Eatough, Ralph P. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 59 | Emami, Razieh | Mujer |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 60 | Falcke, Heino | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 61 | Farah, Joseph R. | Hombre |
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc - Estados Unidos
University of California, Santa Barbara - Estados Unidos Cumbres Observ - Estados Unidos UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA - Estados Unidos |
| 62 | Steenkamp, R. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 63 | Fomalont, E. | Hombre |
National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos
Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos |
| 64 | Ford, H. A. | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 65 | Fraga-Encinas, Raquel | Mujer |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 66 | Gammie, Charles F. | Hombre |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
Google LLC - Estados Unidos Google Res - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos MIT School of Engineering - Estados Unidos MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Estados Unidos The Grainger College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 67 | Friberg, Per | - |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos |
| 68 | Fromm, Christian M. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg - Alemania Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania UNIV WURZBURG - Alemania |
| 69 | Foschi, M. | Hombre |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
CSIC - España CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España |
| 70 | Galisonl, Peter | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Estados Unidos |
| 71 | Gammie, Charles F. | Hombre |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
Google LLC - Estados Unidos Google Res - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos MIT School of Engineering - Estados Unidos MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Estados Unidos The Grainger College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 72 | Garcia, Roberto | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 73 | Gentaz, Olivier | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 74 | Georgiev, Boris | Hombre |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá
University of Waterloo - Canadá Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá Univ Waterloo - Canadá |
| 75 | Goddi, C. | Hombre |
Università degli Studi di Cagliari - Italia
Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari - Italia Univ Cagliari - Italia INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari - Italia |
| 76 | Gold, Roman | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Syddansk Universitet - Dinamarca Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Univ Southern Denmark - Dinamarca |
| 77 | Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo | Hombre |
Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica - México
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico - México CONSEJO NACL CIENCIA & TECHNOL - México Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr - México Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías - México |
| 78 | Gómez, José L. | - |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
CSIC - España |
| 79 | Gu, Minfeng | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 80 | Gurwell, Mark | Hombre |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 81 | Hada, Kazuhiro | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI - Japón |
| 82 | Haggard, D. | Hombre |
Université McGill - Canadá
MCGILL UNIV - Canadá |
| 83 | Haworth, Kari | Mujer |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 84 | Hecht, Michael H. | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 85 | Hesper, Ronald | Hombre |
Kapteyn Instituut - Países Bajos
Univ Groningen - Países Bajos |
| 86 | Heumann, Dirk | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 87 | Ho, Luis C. | - |
Peking University - China
|
| 88 | Ho, Paul | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos Acad Sinica - Taiwán East Asian Observ - Estados Unidos James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT - Estados Unidos |
| 89 | Honma, Mareki | - |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japón The University of Tokyo - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI - Japón Univ Tokyo - Japón |
| 90 | Jannuzi, Buell T. | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 91 | Huang, Lei | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 92 | Hughes, David H. | Hombre |
Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica - México
Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr - México |
| 93 | Ikeda, Shiro | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics - Japón The Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japón The University of Tokyo - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Inst Stat Math - Japón Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI - Japón Univ Tokyo - Japón |
| 94 | Impellizzeri, Violette | Mujer |
National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos Leiden Univ - Países Bajos Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos |
| 95 | Inoue, Makoto | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 96 | Issaoun, Sara | Mujer |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
NASA Hubble Fellowship Program - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 97 | James, David J. | Hombre |
ASTRAVEO LLC - Estados Unidos
|
| 98 | Jannuzi, Buell T. | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 99 | Janssen, Michael | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 100 | Jeter, Britton | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 101 | Jiang, Wu | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 102 | Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra | - |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 103 | Johnson, Margaret W. G. | Mujer |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 104 | Jorstad, Svetlana | Mujer |
Boston University - Estados Unidos
BOSTON UNIV - Estados Unidos |
| 105 | Joshi, Abhishek | - |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos The Grainger College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 106 | Jung, Taehyun | Hombre |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur |
| 107 | Karami, Mansour | Hombre |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá
University of Waterloo - Canadá Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá Univ Waterloo - Canadá |
| 108 | Karuppusamy, Ramesh | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 109 | Kawashima, Tomohisa | Hombre |
The University of Tokyo - Japón
Univ Tokyo - Japón |
| 110 | Impellizzeri, Violette | Mujer |
National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos Leiden Univ - Países Bajos Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos |
| 111 | Kettenis, Mark | Hombre |
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe - Países Bajos
Joint Inst VLBI ERIC JIVE - Países Bajos |
| 112 | Kim, Dong-Jin | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 113 | Kim, Jae Young | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur Kyungpook National University - Corea del Sur Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 113 | Kim, Jae-Young | - |
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania
Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur Kyungpook Natl Univ - Corea del Sur Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur Kyungpook National University - Corea del Sur |
| 113 | Kim, Jae Young | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur Kyungpook National University - Corea del Sur Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 114 | Kim, Jongsoo | Hombre |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur |
| 115 | Kim, Junhan | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos |
| 116 | Kino, Motoki | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
Kogakuin University - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Kogakuin Univ Technol & Engn - Japón |
| 117 | Koay, Jun Yi | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 118 | Kocherlakota, Prashant | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania |
| 119 | Kofuji, Yutaro | - |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The University of Tokyo - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón |
| 120 | Koch, Patrick Michel | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 121 | Koyama, Shoko | Mujer |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Niigata University - Japón Acad Sinica - Taiwán NIIGATA UNIV - Japón |
| 122 | Kramer, Carsten | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Chinese University of Hong Kong - Hong Kong Chinese Univ Hong Kong - China |
| 123 | Kramer, Michael | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 124 | Krichbaum, Thomas P. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 125 | Kuo, Cheng-Yu | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
National Sun Yat-Sen University - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ - Taiwán |
| 126 | La Bella, Noemi | Mujer |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 127 | Lauer, Tod R. | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The University of Tokyo - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón National Optical Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos Univ Tokyo - Japón Natl Opt Astron Observ - Estados Unidos National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Estados Unidos |
| 128 | Lee, Daeyoung | Hombre |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos The Grainger College of Engineering - Estados Unidos |
| 129 | Lee, Sang-Sung | - |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur |
| 130 | Kramer, Carsten | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Chinese University of Hong Kong - Hong Kong Chinese Univ Hong Kong - China |
| 131 | Kramer, Joana A. | Mujer |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
CALTECH - Estados Unidos |
| 132 | Li, Zhiyuan | - |
Nanjing University - China
Nanjing Univ - China |
| 133 | Lico, R. | Hombre |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna - Italia CSIC - España INAF Ist Radioastron - Italia |
| 134 | Kuo, Cheng-Yu | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
National Sun Yat-Sen University - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ - Taiwán |
| 135 | Lindqvist, Michael | Hombre |
Onsala Space Observatory - Suecia
Chalmers Univ Technol - Suecia |
| 136 | Lisakov, Mikhail | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 137 | Liu, Jun | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 138 | Lee, Sang-Sung | - |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur |
| 139 | Liuzzo, Elisabetta | Mujer |
Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna - Italia
INAF Ist Radioastron - Italia Italian ALMA Reg Ctr - Italia |
| 140 | Lo, Wen-Ping | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
National Taiwan University - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán Natl Taiwan Univ - Taiwán National Taiwan Normal University - Taiwán |
| 141 | Lobanov, Andrei P. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 142 | Loinard, Laurent | Hombre |
Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica - México
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - México Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico - México |
| 143 | Lonsdale, Colin | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 144 | Lu, Ru Sen | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 144 | Lu, Ru-Sen | - |
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania
CASSACA - China Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 144 | Lu, Ru Sen | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 145 | Mao, Jirong | - |
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China Yunnan Observatories - China |
| 146 | Marchili, Nicola | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna - Italia Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania INAF Ist Radioastron - Italia Italian ALMA Reg Ctr - Italia |
| 147 | Markoff, S. | - |
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos
Universiteit van Amsterdam - Países Bajos Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos |
| 148 | Marrone, D. P. | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 149 | Marscher, Alan P. | Hombre |
Boston University - Estados Unidos
BOSTON UNIV - Estados Unidos |
| 150 | Martí-Vidal, Iván | - |
Universitat de València - España
Univ Valencia - España |
| 151 | Matsushita, Satoki | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 152 | Matthews, Lynn D. | Mujer |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 153 | Medeiros, Lia | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
Institute for Advanced Studies - Estados Unidos UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos Inst Adv Study - Estados Unidos Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies - Alemania Institute for Advanced Study - Estados Unidos |
| 154 | Menten, K. M. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 155 | Michalik, Daniel | Hombre |
The Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos
ESTEC - European Space Research and Technology Centre - Países Bajos The University of Chicago - Estados Unidos European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC - Países Bajos UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos |
| 156 | Mizuno, Izumi | - |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos |
| 157 | Mizuno, Yosuke | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Shanghai Jiao Tong University - China Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ - China |
| 158 | Moran, James M. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 159 | Moriyama, Kotaro | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 160 | Moscibrodzka, Monika | Mujer |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 161 | Müller, Cornelia | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos |
| 161 | Müller, C. | Mujer |
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 162 | Mus, A. | Hombre |
Universitat de València - España
Univ Valencia - España |
| 163 | Musoke, Gibwa | - |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos |
| 164 | Myserlis, I. | Hombre |
Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - España |
| 165 | Nadolski, A. | Hombre |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos |
| 166 | Nagai, Hiroshi | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI - Japón |
| 167 | Nagar, Neil M. | - |
Universidad de Concepción - Chile
|
| 168 | Nakamura, Masanori | Hombre |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College - Japón Acad Sinica - Taiwán Hachinohe Coll - Japón California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos |
| 169 | Narayan, Ramesh | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 170 | Narayanan, Gopal | Hombre |
University of Massachusetts Amherst - Estados Unidos
Univ Massachusetts - Estados Unidos |
| 171 | Natarajan, Iniyan | - |
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg - República de Sudáfrica
South African Radio Astronomy Observatory - República de Sudáfrica Univ Witwatersrand - República de Sudáfrica South African Radio Astron Observ - República de Sudáfrica |
| 172 | Nathanail, Antonios | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Ethnikó ke Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón - Grecia Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens - Grecia National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Grecia |
| 173 | Fuentes, Santiago Navarro | - |
Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 174 | Neilsen, Joseph | Hombre |
Villanova University - Estados Unidos
Villanova Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 175 | Neri, Roberto | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 176 | Ni, Chunchong | Hombre |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá
University of Waterloo - Canadá Harvard University - Estados Unidos Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá Univ Waterloo - Canadá |
| 177 | Noutsos, Aristeidis | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 178 | Mulaudzi, W. | Hombre |
Washington University in St. Louis - Estados Unidos
WASHINGTON UNIV - Estados Unidos |
| 179 | Oh, Junghwan | Hombre |
Sejong University - Corea del Sur
Sejong Univ - Corea del Sur |
| 180 | Okino, Hiroki | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
The University of Tokyo - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Univ Tokyo - Japón |
| 181 | Olivares, Hector | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 182 | Kaufman, Michael J. | Mujer |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - México Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico - México |
| 183 | Oyama, Tomoaki | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 184 | Ozel, Feryal | Mujer |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 185 | Palumbo, Daniel C. M. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 186 | Paraschos, Georgios Filippos | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 187 | Oyama, Tomoaki | Hombre |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 188 | Parsons, Harriet | Mujer |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia East Asian Observ - Estados Unidos James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT - Estados Unidos |
| 189 | Patel, Nimesh | - |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 190 | Pen, Ue-Li | - |
Acad Sinica - Taiwán
Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá UNIV TORONTO - Canadá Canadian Inst Adv Res - Canadá Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá L’Institut Canadien d’Astrophysique Théorique - Canadá Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics - Canadá Canadian Institute for Advanced Research - Canadá |
| 190 | Pen, Ue Li | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá L’Institut Canadien d’Astrophysique Théorique - Canadá Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics - Canadá Canadian Institute for Advanced Research - Canadá Acad Sinica - Taiwán UNIV TORONTO - Canadá |
| 191 | Ni, Chunchong | Hombre |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá
University of Waterloo - Canadá Harvard University - Estados Unidos Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá Univ Waterloo - Canadá |
| 192 | Parsons, Harriet | Mujer |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia East Asian Observ - Estados Unidos James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT - Estados Unidos |
| 193 | Plambeck, Richard | Hombre |
University of California, Berkeley - Estados Unidos
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY - Estados Unidos |
| 194 | Pen, Ue Li | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá L’Institut Canadien d’Astrophysique Théorique - Canadá Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics - Canadá Canadian Institute for Advanced Research - Canadá Acad Sinica - Taiwán UNIV TORONTO - Canadá |
| 194 | PopStefanija, Aleksandar | Hombre |
University of Massachusetts Amherst - Estados Unidos
Univ Massachusetts - Estados Unidos |
| 195 | Porth, Oliver | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos |
| 196 | Potzl, Felix M. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
University College Cork - Irlanda Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Univ Coll Cork - Irlanda |
| 197 | Prather, Ben | - |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
|
| 198 | Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A. | Hombre |
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics - Canadá
Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys - Canadá |
| 199 | Psaltis, Dimitrios | - |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
|
| 200 | Pu, Hung-Yi | - |
Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán
National Taiwan Normal University - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán Natl Taiwan Normal Univ - Taiwán |
| 201 | Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh | - |
Universidad de Concepción - Chile
Turun yliopisto - Finlandia Aalto University - Finlandia Univ Turku - Finlandia Aalto Univ - Finlandia |
| 202 | Rao, Ramprasad | - |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 203 | Rawlings, Mark G. | Hombre |
East Asian Observatory - Estados Unidos
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) - Estados Unidos Gemini Observatory - Estados Unidos Gemini Observ NSF NOIRLab - Estados Unidos East Asian Observ - Estados Unidos James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT - Estados Unidos |
| 204 | Raymond, Alexander W. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 205 | Rezzolla, Luciano | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies - Alemania Trinity College Dublin - Irlanda Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies - Alemania Simons Foundation - Estados Unidos Princeton University - Estados Unidos Flatiron Inst - Estados Unidos Trinity Coll Dublin - Irlanda Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 206 | Ricarte, Angelo | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 207 | Rezzolla, Luciano | Hombre |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies - Alemania Trinity College Dublin - Irlanda Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies - Alemania Simons Foundation - Estados Unidos Princeton University - Estados Unidos Flatiron Inst - Estados Unidos Trinity Coll Dublin - Irlanda Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 208 | Romero-Canizales, Cristina | Mujer |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 209 | Rogers, Alan | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 210 | Ros, Eduardo | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 211 | Romero-Canizales, Cristina | Mujer |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán Acad Sinica - Taiwán |
| 212 | Roshanineshat, Arash | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 213 | Rottmann, Helge | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 214 | Roy, Alan L. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - España |
| 215 | Roy, Alan L. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - España |
| 216 | Ruszczyk, Chet | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 217 | Rygl, K. L. J. | Hombre |
Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna - Italia
INAF Ist Radioastron - Italia Italian ALMA Reg Ctr - Italia |
| 218 | Rygl, Kazi L.J. | - |
Istituto Di Radioastronomia, Bologna - Italia
INAF Ist Radioastron - Italia Italian ALMA Reg Ctr - Italia |
| 218 | Sánchez, Salvador | - |
Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 219 | Sanchez-Arguelles, David | - |
Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica - México
Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías - México CONSEJO NACL CIENCIA & TECHNOL - México |
| 220 | Sanchez-Portal, Miguel | Hombre |
Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica - México
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico - México CONSEJO NACL CIENCIA & TECHNOL - México Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - España |
| 221 | Sasada, M. | - |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
Tokyo Institute of Technology - Japón Hiroshima University - Japón Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón Tokyo Inst Technol - Japón Hiroshima Univ - Japón |
| 222 | Satapathy, Kaushik | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 223 | Savolainen, Tuomas | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Aalto University - Finlandia Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Aalto Univ - Finlandia |
| 224 | Schloerb, F. Peter | - |
University of Massachusetts Amherst - Estados Unidos
|
| 225 | Schonfeld, Jonathan | Hombre |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 226 | Schuster, Karl Friedrich | Hombre |
IRAM Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique - Francia
Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia |
| 227 | Shao, Lijing | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Peking University - China Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Peking Univ - China |
| 228 | Shen, Zhiqiang | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 229 | Small, Des | - |
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe - Países Bajos
Joint Inst VLBI ERIC JIVE - Países Bajos |
| 230 | Sohn, Bong Won | - |
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur Yonsei University - Corea del Sur Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur Yonsei Univ - Corea del Sur |
| 231 | Steenkamp, R. | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 232 | Souccar, Kamal | Hombre |
University of Massachusetts Amherst - Estados Unidos
Univ Massachusetts - Estados Unidos |
| 233 | Sun, He | - |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
|
| 234 | Tazaki, Fumie | Mujer |
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón |
| 235 | Tetarenko, Alexandra J. | Mujer |
NASA Hubble Fellowship Program - Estados Unidos
Texas Tech University - Estados Unidos TEXAS TECH UNIV - Estados Unidos |
| 236 | Tiede, Paul | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 237 | Tilanus, Remo P. J. | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research - Países Bajos Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos Leiden Univ - Países Bajos Netherlands Org Sci Res NWO - Países Bajos |
| 238 | Titus, Michael | Hombre |
MIT Haystack Observatory - Estados Unidos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos MIT - Estados Unidos |
| 239 | Torne, Pablo | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Instituto de Radioastronomia Milimetrica - España Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - Francia Inst Radioastron Millimetr IRAM - España |
| 240 | Traianou, E. | Mujer |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania CSIC - España Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España |
| 241 | Alef, Walter | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 241 | Trent, Tyler | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 242 | Trippe, Sascha | Hombre |
Seoul National University - Corea del Sur
Seoul Natl Univ - Corea del Sur |
| 243 | Turk, Matthew | Hombre |
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos |
| 244 | van Bemmel, Ilse | Mujer |
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe - Países Bajos
Joint Inst VLBI ERIC JIVE - Países Bajos |
| 245 | van Langevelde, Huib Jan | Hombre |
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe - Países Bajos The University of New Mexico - Estados Unidos Leiden Univ - Países Bajos Joint Inst VLBI ERIC JIVE - Países Bajos UNIV NEW MEXICO - Estados Unidos |
| 246 | van Rossum, Daniel R. | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 247 | Vos, Jesse | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 248 | Wagner, Jan | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 249 | Ward-Thompson, Derek | Hombre |
University of Central Lancashire - Reino Unido
Univ Cent Lancashire - Reino Unido |
| 250 | Wardle, John | Hombre |
Brandeis University - Estados Unidos
Brandeis Univ - Estados Unidos |
| 251 | Weintroub, Jonathan | Hombre |
Harvard University - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 252 | Wex, Norbert | Hombre |
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos |
| 253 | Wharton, Robert | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 254 | Wielgus, Maciek | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 255 | Wiik, Kaj | - |
Tuorlan observatorio - Finlandia
Univ Turku - Finlandia |
| 256 | Witzel, G. | Hombre |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 257 | Wondrak, Michael F. | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 258 | Wong, George N. | Hombre |
Institute for Advanced Studies - Estados Unidos
Princeton University - Estados Unidos Inst Adv Study - Estados Unidos Princeton Univ - Estados Unidos Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies - Alemania Institute for Advanced Study - Estados Unidos |
| 259 | Wu, Qingwen | - |
Huazhong University of Science and Technology - China
Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol - China |
| 260 | Yamaguchi, Paul | Hombre |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 261 | Yoon, Doosoo | - |
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos
Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos |
| 262 | Young, Andre | Hombre |
Radboud Universiteit - Países Bajos
Radboud Univ Nijmegen - Países Bajos |
| 263 | Young, K. | - |
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian - Estados Unidos |
| 264 | Younsi, Ziri | - |
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main - Alemania
UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory - Reino Unido Goethe Univ Frankfurt - Alemania Univ Coll London - Reino Unido |
| 265 | Yuan, Feng | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 265 | Yuan, Ye-Fei | - |
Univ Sci & Technol China - China
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur |
| 266 | Yuan, Ye Fei | - |
University of Science and Technology of China - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 266 | Yuan, Ye Fei | - |
University of Science and Technology of China - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 267 | Zensus, J. Anton | - |
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Radioastron - Alemania |
| 268 | Zhang, Shuo | - |
Bard College - Estados Unidos
Bard Coll - Estados Unidos |
| 268 | Zhao, Guangyao | - |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
CSIC - España CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España |
| 269 | Zhao, Guangyao | - |
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - CSIC - España
CSIC - España CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA) - España |
| 269 | Zhao, Shan-Shan | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 270 | Zhao, Shan-Shan | - |
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Chinese Academy of Sciences - China CASSACA - China |
| 270 | Event Horizon Telescope Collaborat | Corporación |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| Natural Science Foundation of China |
| National Science Foundation |
| China Scholarship Council |
| Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología |
| Ministry of Education |
| National Key Research and Development Program of China |
| China Postdoctoral Science Foundation |
| National Research Foundation |
| National Research Foundation of Korea |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| European Union |
| Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación |
| University of Pretoria |
| NSF |
| MICINN |
| European Research Council |
| U.S. Department of Energy |
| DFG |
| Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación |
| Generalitat Valenciana |
| NASA |
| Japan Society for the Promotion of Science |
| Arizona State University |
| Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas |
| Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) |
| Swedish Research Council |
| Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
| National Research Council |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| John Templeton Foundation |
| State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award |
| U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science |
| University of Arizona |
| Max-Planck-Gesellschaft |
| University of Chicago |
| Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology |
| Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) |
| Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan |
| National Science Foundation (NSF) |
| Office of Science |
| California Department of Fish and Game |
| Leverhulme Trust |
| Toray Science Foundation |
| ASIAA |
| Smithsonian Institution |
| Academia Sinica |
| Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek |
| Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Compute Canada |
| Horizon 2020 |
| Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico |
| Vetenskapsradet |
| National Nuclear Security Administration |
| Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance in China |
| Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute |
| National Institutes of Natural Sciences |
| Academy of Finland |
| Simons Foundation |
| Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development |
| MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI |
| Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung |
| Government of Canada |
| MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives |
| Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan |
| Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science |
| Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT, Mexico) |
| Institute for Advanced Study |
| Los Alamos National Laboratory |
| State Agency for Research |
| Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare |
| Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy |
| Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie |
| Compute Ontario |
| Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) |
| Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM) |
| Chandra |
| Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship |
| Spinoza Prize |
| MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds |
| Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship |
| Calcul Quebec |
| State of Arizona |
| Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science |
| National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
| Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada |
| Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa |
| ALMA North America Development Fund |
| Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant) |
| National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE |
| Fermi Guest Investigator |
| Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia |
| Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship |
| Nurses Organization of Veterans Affairs |
| South African Research Chairs Initiative |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile |
| National Youth Thousand Talents Program of China |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| The National Science Foundation (NSF) |
| Universiteit van Amsterdam |
| Ministry of Finance in China |
| YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship |
| Ministry of Finance of China |
| International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne |
| Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences |
| Delaney Family |
| Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme |
| GenT Program |
| Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Junta de Andalucia |
| Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía |
| Department of Science and Innovation |
| YCAA |
| Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) |
| NL astronomy research network NOVA |
| Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) |
| The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan |
| Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award |
| European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" |
| NASA Hubble Fellowship grant - Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) Virtual Institute of Accretion (VIA) postdoctoral fellowships |
| Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch |
| Academia Sinica Institute |
| Virtual Institute of Accretion |
| Institut Périmètre de physique théorique |
| Leiden University and Radboud University |
| Dutch National Supercomputers, Cartesius and Snellius |
| Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA NuSTAR award) |
| Dutch National Supercomputer, Snellius (NWO Grant) |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant) |
| Dutch National Supercomputer, Cartesius (NWO Grant) |
| EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
| EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| South African Research Chairs Initiative, through the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa |
| 'Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan' |
| EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Center for Astronomical MegaScience, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| EACOA Fellowship - East Asia Core Observatories Association of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| The EHTC has received generous donations of FPGA chips from Xilinx Inc., under the Xilinx University Program. The EHTC has benefited from technology shared under open-source license by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER). The EHT project is grateful to T4Science and Microsemi for their assistance with Hydrogen Masers. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the extended staff of the ALMA, both from the inception of the ALMA Phasing Project through the observational campaigns of 2017 and 2018. We would like to thank A. Deller and W. Brisken for EHT-specific support with the use of DiFX. We thank Martin Shepherd for the addition of extra features in the Difmap software that were used for the CLEAN imaging results presented in this paper. We acknowledge the significance that Maunakea, where the SMA and JCMT EHT stations are located, has for the indigenous Hawaiian people. |
| We thank the staff at the participating observatories, correlation centers, and institutions for their enthusiastic support. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2016.1.01154.V. ALMA is a partnership of the European Southern Observatory (ESO; Europe, representing its member states), NSF, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan, together with National Research Council (Canada), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST; Taiwan), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA; Taiwan), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI; Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI)/NRAO, and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). The NRAO is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by AUI. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. We also thank the Center for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The computing cluster of Shanghai VLBI correlator supported by the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance in China is acknowledged. |
| APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (Germany), ESO, and the Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden). The SMA is a joint project between the SAO and ASIAA and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the NAOJ, ASIAA, and KASI, as well as the Ministry of Finance of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2017YFA0402700) of China and Natural Science Foundation of China grant 11873028. Additional funding support for the JCMT is provided by the Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) and participating universities in the UK and Canada. The LMT is a project operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrófisica, Óptica, y Electrónica (Mexico) and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). The IRAM 30-m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain is operated by IRAM and supported by CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) and IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Spain). The SMT is operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory, a part of the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona, with financial support of operations from the State of Arizona and financial support for instrumentation development from the NSF. Support for SPT participation in the EHT is provided by the National Science Foundation through award OPP-1852617 to the University of Chicago. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. The SPT hydrogen maser was provided on loan from the GLT, courtesy of ASIAA. |
| This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF grants DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, and DBI-1743442. XSEDE Stampede2 resource at TACC was allocated through TG-AST170024 and TG-AST080026N. XSEDE JetStream resource at PTI and TACC was allocated through AST170028. This research is part of the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center through the Frontera Large-Scale Community Partnerships allocation AST20023. Frontera is made possible by National Science Foundation award OAC-1818253. This research was carried out using resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Additional work used ABACUS2.0, which is part of the eScience center at Southern Denmark University. Simulations were also performed on the SuperMUC cluster at the LRZ in Garching, on the LOEWE cluster in CSC in Frankfurt, on the HazelHen cluster at the HLRS in Stuttgart, and on the Pi2.0 and Siyuan Mark-I at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The computer resources of the Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC) and the Finnish Computing Competence Infrastructure (FCCI) project are acknowledged. This research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Ontario ( http://computeontario.ca ), Calcul Quebec ( http://www.calculquebec.ca ) and Compute Canada ( http://www.computecanada.ca ). |
| The EHTC has received generous donations of FPGA chips from Xilinx Inc., under the Xilinx University Program. The EHTC has benefited from technology shared under open-source license by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER). The EHT project is grateful to T4Science and Microsemi for their assistance with Hydrogen Masers. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the extended staff of the ALMA, both from the inception of the ALMA Phasing Project through the observational campaigns of 2017 and 2018. We would like to thank A. Deller and W. Brisken for EHT-specific support with the use of DiFX. We thank Martin Shepherd for the addition of extra features in the Difmap software that were used for the CLEAN imaging results presented in this paper. We acknowledge the significance that Maunakea, where the SMA and JCMT EHT stations are located, has for the indigenous Hawaiian people. |
| This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF grants DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, and DBI-1743442. XSEDE Stampede2 resource at TACC was allocated through TG-AST170024 and TG-AST080026N. XSEDE JetStream resource at PTI and TACC was allocated through AST170028. This research is part of the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center through the Frontera Large-Scale Community Partnerships allocation AST20023. Frontera is made possible by National Science Foundation award OAC-1818253. This research was carried out using resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Additional work used ABACUS2.0, which is part of the eScience center at Southern Denmark University. Simulations were also performed on the SuperMUC cluster at the LRZ in Garching, on the LOEWE cluster in CSC in Frankfurt, on the HazelHen cluster at the HLRS in Stuttgart, and on the Pi2.0 and Siyuan Mark-I at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The computer resources of the Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC) and the Finnish Computing Competence Infrastructure (FCCI) project are acknowledged. This research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Ontario (http://computeontario.ca), Calcul Quebec (http://www.calculquebec.ca) and Compute Canada (http://www.computecanada.ca). |
| FR 4069/2-1); Joint Princeton/Flatiron and Joint Columbia/Flatiron Postdoctoral Fellowships, research at the Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation; the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT; grant JPMXP1020200109); the Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellowship (JP17J08829); the Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science, Japan; the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, grants QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJSSW-SYS008, ZDBS-LY-SLH011); the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship; the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CAS; the MEXT/ JSPS KAKENHI (grants 18KK0090, JP21H01137, JP18H03721, JP18K13594, 18K03709, JP19K14761, 18H01245, 25120007); the Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FRGS/1/2019/STG02/UM/02/6; the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds; the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (103-2119-M001-010-MY2, 105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 105-2119-M-001042, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-013, 106-2119-M001-027, 106-2923-M-001-005, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119M-001-020, 107-2119-M-001-041, 107-2119-M-110-005, 1072923-M-001-009, 108-2112-M-001-048, 108-2112-M-001-051, 108-2923-M-001-002, 109-2112-M-001-025, 109-2124-M-001005, 109-2923-M-001-001, 110-2112-M-003-007-MY2, 110- 2112-M-001-033, 110-2124-M-001-007, and 110-2923-M-001001); the Ministry of Education (MoE) of Taiwan Yushan Young Scholar Program; the Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences of Taiwan; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant 80NSSC20K1567, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant 80NSSC20K0527, NASA NuSTAR award 80NSSC20K0645); NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51431.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. |
| , for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555; the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant 2016YFA0400704, 2017YFA0402703, 2016YFA0400702); the National Science Foundation (NSF, grants AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST0521233, AST-0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST1126433, AST-1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST1207730, AST-1207752, MRI-1228509, OPP-1248097, AST1310896, AST-1440254, AST-1555365, AST-1614868, AST1615796, AST-1715061, AST-1716327, AST-1716536, OISE1743747, AST-1816420, AST-1935980, AST-2034306); NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship (AST1903847); the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 11650110427, 10625314, 11721303, 11725312, 11873028, 11933007, 11991052, 11991053, 12192220, 12192223); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, including a Discovery Grant and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program); the National Youth Thousand Talents Program of China; the National Research Foundation of Korea (the Global PhD Fellowship Grant: grants NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, the Korea Research Fellowship Program: NRF-2015H1D3A1066561, Brain Pool Program: 2019H1D3A1A01102564, Basic Research Support Grant 2019R1F1A1059721, 2021R1A6A3A01086420, 2022R1C1C1005255); Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) Virtual Institute of Accretion (VIA) postdoctoral fellowships; Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) national infrastructure, for the provisioning of its facilities/observational support (OSO receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under grant 2017-00648); the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science); the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grants PGC2018-098915-B-C21, AYA2016-80889-P, PID2019108995GB-C21, PID2020-117404GB-C21); the University of Pretoria for financial aid in the provision of the new Cluster Server nodes and SuperMicro (USA) for a SEEDING GRANT approved towards these nodes in 2020; the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Branch (JCYJ-SHFY-2021-013); the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-20170709); the Spinoza Prize SPI 78-409; the South African Research Chairs Initiative, through the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO, grant ID 77948), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa; the Toray Science Foundation; Swedish Research Council (VR); the US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE (Contract 89233218CNA000001); and the YCAA Prize Postdoctoral Fellowship. |
| We thank the staff at the participating observatories, correlation centers, and institutions for their enthusiastic support. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2016.1.01154.V. ALMA is a partnership of the European Southern Observatory (ESO; Europe, representing its member states), NSF, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan, together with National Research Council (Canada), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST; Taiwan), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA; Taiwan), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI; Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI)/NRAO, and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). The NRAO is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by AUI. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. We also thank the Center for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The computing cluster of Shanghai VLBI correlator supported by the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance in China is acknowledged. |
| APEX is a collaboration between the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie (Germany), ESO, and the Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden). The SMA is a joint project between the SAO and ASIAA and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the NAOJ, ASIAA, and KASI, as well as the Ministry of Finance of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2017YFA0402700) of China and Natural Science Foundation of China grant 11873028. Additional funding support for the JCMT is provided by the Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) and participating universities in the UK and Canada. The LMT is a project operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica, y Electronica (Mexico) and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA). The IRAM 30-m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain is operated by IRAM and supported by CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), MPG (Max-PlanckGesellschaft, Germany) and IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain). The SMT is operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory, a part of the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona, with financial support of operations from the State of Arizona and financial support for instrumentation development from the NSF. Support for SPT participation in the EHT is provided by the National Science Foundation through award OPP-1852617 to the University of Chicago. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. The SPT hydrogen maser was provided on loan from the GLT, courtesy of ASIAA. |
| This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF grants DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, and DBI-1743442. XSEDE Stampede2 resource at TACC was allocated through TG-AST170024 and TG-AST080026N. XSEDE JetStream resource at PTI and TACC was allocated through AST170028. This research is part of the Frontera computing project at the Texas Advanced Computing Center through the Frontera Large-Scale Community Partnerships allocation AST20023. Frontera is made possible by National Science Foundation award OAC-1818253. This research was carried out using resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Additional work used ABACUS2.0, which is part of the eScience center at Southern Denmark University. Simulations were also performed on the SuperMUC cluster at the LRZ in Garching, on the LOEWE cluster in CSC in Frankfurt, on the HazelHen cluster at the HLRS in Stuttgart, and on the Pi2.0 and Siyuan Mark-I at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The computer resources of the Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC) and the Finnish Computing Competence Infrastructure (FCCI) project are acknowledged. This research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Ontario (http://computeontario.ca), Calcul Quebec (http://www.calculquebec.ca) and Compute Canada (http://www.computecanada.ca). |