Spinoza has been named “champion of liberalism” by many distinguished authors. And this could not be more accurate, because in the Theological-Political Treatise (TTP) the author defends fundamental principles of liberal democracy, such as the exaltation of democracy as the best form of government, freedom of expression as consubstantial to political activity, the theory of the social pact (transfer of power), and the emphasis on the key role of the individual in the political state. This article proposes that an overall reading of Spinozist theory will prevent us from understanding him as a liberal thinker, and consequently, as an utilitarian philosopher. Thus, three essential elements will be analyzed: the role of the individual and its constitution, its epistemological conceptions, and its understanding of the properly political. It is concluded that Spinoza’s philosophy critiques liberal democracy with solid arguments.