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| DOI | 10.3847/PSJ/ABB93D | ||||
| Año | 2020 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
We present mm observations constructed from Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array (ALMA) data of SO2, SO, and KCl when Io went from sunlight into eclipse (2018 March 20) and vice versa (2018 September 2 and 11). There is clear evidence of volcanic plumes on March 20 and September 2. The plumes distort the line profiles, causing high-velocity (≥500 m s-1) wings and red-/blueshifted shoulders in the line profiles. During eclipse ingress, the SO2 flux density dropped exponentially, and the atmosphere re-formed in a linear fashion when reemerging in sunlight, with a "post-eclipse brightening"after ~10 minutes. While both the in-eclipse decrease and in-sunlight increase in SO was more gradual than for SO2, the fact that SO decreased at all is evidence that selfreactions at the surface are important and fast, and that in-sunlight photolysis of SO2 is the dominant source of SO. Disk-integrated SO2 in-sunlight flux densities are ~2-3 times higher than in eclipse, indicative of a roughly 30%-50% contribution from volcanic sources to the atmosphere. Typical column densities and temperatures are N≈(1.5±0.3)×1016 cm-2 and T ≈ 220-320 K both in sunlight and in eclipse, while the fractional coverage of the gas is two to three times lower in eclipse than in sunlight. The low-level SO2 emissions present during eclipse may be sourced by stealth volcanism or be evidence of a layer of noncondensible gases preventing complete collapse of the SO2 atmosphere. The melt in magma chambers at different volcanoes must differ in composition to explain the absence of SO and SO2, but simultaneous presence of KCl over Ulgen Patera.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | de Pater, Imke | Mujer |
University of California, Berkeley - Estados Unidos
Faculteit Luchtvaart- en Ruimtevaarttechniek, TU Delft - Países Bajos UNIV CALIF BERKELEY - Estados Unidos Delft Univ Technol - Países Bajos |
| 2 | Luszcz-Cook, Statia | - |
University of Columbia - Estados Unidos
Univ Columbia - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | ROJO-RUBKE, PATRICIO MICHEL | Hombre |
Universidad de Chile - Chile
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| 4 | Redwing, Erin | Mujer |
University of California, Berkeley - Estados Unidos
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | De Kleer, Katherine | Mujer |
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
CALTECH - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Moullet, Arielle | Mujer |
SOFIA/USRA - Estados Unidos
USRA - Estados Unidos |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| ASIAA |
| Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute |
| National Radio Astronomy Observatory |
| National Institutes of Natural Sciences |
| National Research Council Canada |
| Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan |
| National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
| ANID |
| Associated Universities |
| Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences |
| ANID BASAL |
| National Science Foundation, NSF grant |
| Agradecimiento |
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| We are grateful for in-depth reviews by David Goldstein and one anonymous referee, which helped improve the manuscript substantially. This paper makes use of ALMA data ADS/JAO. ALMA#2017.1.00670.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The data can be downloaded from the ALMA Archive. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF grant AST-1313485 to UC Berkeley. P.M.R. acknowledges support from ANID basal AFB170002. Facility: ALMA. |
| We are grateful for in-depth reviews by David Goldstein and one anonymous referee, which helped improve the manuscript substantially. This paper makes use of ALMA data ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00670.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The data can be downloaded from the ALMA Archive. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, NSF grant AST-1313485 to UC Berkeley. P.M.R. acknowledges support from ANID basal AFB170002. Facility: ALMA. |