This book deals with relations between China and Latin America from an international political economy perspective. It offers an understanding of the new North-South axis by studying relations through a number of national case studies inspired by the contribution of Prebisch to IPE theory. China has become an indispensable economic partner country and is the greatest challenge for the modernization processes of Latin American societies through the development of a core-periphery relationship based on the harmony of interests, the complementarity of an asymmetric economic relation and the transformation of Latin America into a function of Chinese economic development. This situation weakens the commercial relations between the South American countries as well as the regional economic integration processes, which is not beneficial to the region’s struggle for a more autonomous and developed role. This book allows us to take a clearer look at the situation.