The chapter discusses the China-Argentine relationship, the most complex example of relations between China and the countries represented in the book, that integrate the three elements of core-periphery economic relations: trade, investment, and loans. It could be inferred that commercial complementarity will develop into a harmonious relationship, but that has resulted in a huge debt on the part of Argentina that has been growing since 2008. Argentina has been the only country in the region with which China has carried out a system of currency swaps, which is in fact a process of indebtedness, adding to the trade deficit, for the financing of infrastructure works carried out by Chinese companies and investments for the purchase of Argentine companies. The structure of economic relations that developed with China have given rise to “the paradox of food”, which represents one of the central problems in the structural conflict between the modernizations of Argentina and China.