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Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)
Indexado
WoS WOS:000715856000025
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85115425381
DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01122-3
Año 2021
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract


Interpretation Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Copyright (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Revista


Revista ISSN
Lancet 0140-6736

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Disciplinas de Investigación


WOS
Medicine, General & Internal
Scopus
Medicine (All)
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional


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Autores - Afiliación


Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J. Hombre Imperial Coll London - Reino Unido
Imperial College London - Reino Unido
2 Stevens, Christophe A. T. Hombre Imperial Coll London - Reino Unido
Imperial College London - Reino Unido
3 Lyons, Alexander R. M. Hombre Imperial Coll London - Reino Unido
Imperial College London - Reino Unido
4 Dharmayat, Kanika I. Mujer Imperial Coll London - Reino Unido
Imperial College London - Reino Unido
5 Freiberger, Tomas Hombre Masaryk Univ - República Checa
Masaryk University - República Checa
6 Hovingh, G. Kees - Acad Med Ctr - Países Bajos
Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam - Países Bajos
7 Mata, Pedro Hombre Fdn Hipercolesterolemia Familiar - España
Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar - España
8 Raal, Frederick J. Hombre Univ Witwatersrand - República de Sudáfrica
University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences - República de Sudáfrica
9 Santos, Raul Hombre UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
10 Soran, Handrean - Manchester Univ NHS Fdn Trust - Reino Unido
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust - Reino Unido
11 Watts, Gerald F. Hombre Univ Western Australia - Australia
Royal Perth Hosp - Australia
UWA Medical School - Australia
Royal Perth Hospital - Australia
12 Abifadel, Marianne Mujer St Joseph Univ - Líbano
Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth - Líbano
13 Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Hombre Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran - México
Tecnol Monterrey - México
Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran - México
Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud TecSalud - México
14 AlHabib, Khalid F. Hombre King Saud Univ - Arabia Saudí
College of Medicine - Arabia Saudí
15 Al-Khnifsawi, Mutaz - Univ Al Qadisiyah - Irak
University of Al-Qadisiyah - Irak
16 Puri, Raman Hombre Cleveland Clin Abu Dhabi - Emiratos Árabes Unidos
17 Alnouri, Fahad Hombre Prince Sultan Cardiac Ctr - Arabia Saudí
Prince Sultan Cardiac Center - Arabia Saudí
18 Alonso, Rodrigo Hombre Ctr Adv Metab Med & Nutr - Chile
Center for Advanced Metabolic Medicine and Nutrition - Chile
19 Al Rasadi, Khalid Hombre Sultan Qaboos Univ - Omán
Sultan Qaboos University - Omán
20 Al-Sarraf, Ahmad Hombre Sabah Al Ahmad Cardiac Ctr - Kuwait
Sabah Al Ahmad Urology Center - Kuwait
21 Al-Sayed, Nasreen Mujer Gulf Diabet & Endocrine Ctr - Bahrein
Gulf Medical and Diabetes Centre - Bahrein
22 Araujo, Francisco Hombre Portuguese Atherosclerosis Soc - Portugal
Portuguese Physics Society - Portugal
23 Ashavaid, Tester F. - PD Hinduja Hosp & Med Res Ctr - India
P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre - India
24 Banach, Maciej Hombre Med Univ Lodz - Polonia
Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst - Polonia
Univ Zielona Gora - Polonia
Medical University of Sofia - Bulgaria
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski - Polonia
Medical University of Lodz - Polonia
25 Béliard, Sophie Mujer Aix Marseille Univ - Francia
Aix Marseille Université - Francia
26 Benn, Marianne Mujer Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Rigshospitalet - Dinamarca
27 Binder, Christoph J. Hombre Med Univ Vienna - Austria
Medizinische Universitat Wien - Austria
Medical University of Sofia - Austria
28 Bogsrud, Martin P. Hombre Oslo Univ Hosp - Noruega
Oslo Universitetssykehus - Noruega
29 Bourbon, Mafalda Mujer Inst Nacl Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge - Portugal
Univ Lisbon - Portugal
Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Portugal
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa - Portugal
30 Chlebus, Krzysztof Hombre Med Univ Gdansk - Polonia
Uniwersytet Gdanski - Polonia
31 Corral, Pablo Hombre FASTA Univ - Argentina
FASTA University - Argentina
32 Davletov, Kairat Hombre Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ - Kazajistán
Al Farabi Kazakh National University - Kazajistán
33 Descamps, Olivier Hombre Ctr Hosp Jolimont - Bélgica
Centre Hospitalier Jolimont - Bélgica
34 Durst, Ronen Hombre Hadassah Hebrew Univ - Israel
Hadassah University Medical Centre - Israel
35 Ezhov, Marat Hombre Minist Hlth Russian Federat - Rusia
National medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation - Rusia
Ministry of Health of Russian Federation - Rusia
36 Gaita, Dan - Univ Med & Farm Timisoara - Rumania
37 Genest, Jacques Hombre MCGILL UNIV - Canadá
L'Institut de Recherche du Centre Universitaire de Santé McGill - Canadá
38 Groselj, Urh - Univ Med Ctr - Eslovenia
Univ Childrens Hosp Ljubljana - Eslovenia
Univ Ljubljana - Eslovenia
Univerzitetni Klinični Center Ljubljana - Eslovenia
Univerza v Ljubljani Medicinska Fakulteta - Eslovenia
39 Harada-Shiba, Mariko Mujer Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr Res Inst - Japón
National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute - Japón
40 Holven, Kirsten B. Mujer Oslo Univ Hosp - Noruega
Oslo Universitetssykehus - Noruega
41 Kayikcioglu, Meral Mujer Ege Univ - Turquía
Ege University Medical School - Turquía
42 Khovidhunkit, W. - Chulalongkorn Univ - Tailandia
King Chulalongkorn Mem Hosp - Tailandia
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital - Tailandia
43 Lalic, Katarina Mujer Univ Belgrade - Serbia
Belgrade University School of Medicine - Serbia
44 Latkovskis, Gustavs - Univ Latvia - Letonia
Latvijas Universitate - Letonia
45 Laufs, Ulrich Hombre Univ Klinikum Leipzig - Alemania
Universitätsklinikum Leipzig und Medizinische Fakultät - Alemania
46 Liberopoulos, Evangelos Hombre Univ Ioannina - Grecia
Faculty of Medicine - Grecia
University of Ioannina - Grecia
47 Lima-Martinez, Marcos M. Hombre Universidad Oriente - Venezuela
Universidad de Oriente - Núcleo Bolívar - Venezuela
48 Lin, Jie - Capital Med Univ - China
Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University - China
49 Maher, Vincent Hombre Tallaght Univ Hosp - Irlanda
Tallaght University Hospital - Irlanda
50 Marais, A. David - UNIV CAPE TOWN - República de Sudáfrica
Faculty of Health Sciences - República de Sudáfrica
51 März, Winfried Hombre SYNLAB International GmbH - Alemania
D A CH Society for the Prevention of Heart and Circulatory Diseases (registered society) - Alemania
Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim - Alemania
Medizinische Universitat Wien - Austria
Medizinische Universität Graz - Austria
Medical University of Lodz - Austria
51 Maerz, Winfried - DACH Soc Prevent Heart & Circulatory Dis - Alemania
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Med Univ Graz - Austria
Synlab Holding Deutschland - Alemania
52 Platts-Mills, J. A. Mujer Kyrgyz State Med Acad - Kirguizistán
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy - Kirguizistán
53 Miserez, Andre R. Hombre Diagene Res Inst - Suiza
Swiss Soc Familial Forms Hypercholesterolemia SST - Suiza
UNIV BASEL - Suiza
Medizinischen Fakultät - Suiza
Swiss Society for Familial Forms of Hypercholesterolemia (SSFH) - Suiza
54 Mitchenko, Olena Mujer Natl Acad Med Sci - Ucrania
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine - Ucrania
55 Nawawi, Hapizah M. - Univ Teknol MARA UiTM - Malasia
Universiti Teknologi Mara - Malasia
56 Nordestgaard, Borge G. Hombre Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Gentofte Hospital - Dinamarca
57 Panayiotou, Andrie G. - Cyprus Univ Technol - Chipre
Cyprus University of Technology - Chipre
58 Paragh, Gyorgy - Univ Debrecen - Hungría
Általános Orvostudományi Kar - Hungría
59 Petrulioniene, Zaneta - Vilnius Univ - Lituania
Vilnius Univ Hosp Santaros Klinikos - Lituania
Vilniaus universitetas - Lituania
Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine - Lituania
60 Pojskic, Belma Mujer Cantonal Hosp Zenica - Bosnia y Herzegovina
Cantonal Hospital Zenica - Bosnia y Herzegovina
61 Postadzhiyan, Arman Hombre Med Univ Sofia - Bulgaria
Medical University of Sofia - Bulgaria
62 Raslova, Katarina Mujer Slovak Med Univ Bratislava - República Eslovaca
Slovak Medical University - República Eslovaca
63 Reda, Ashraf Hombre Menoufia Univ - Egipto
Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine - Egipto
64 Reiner, Zeljko Hombre Univ Zagreb - Croacia
KBC Zagreb - Croacia
65 Sadiq, Fouzia Mujer Shifa e Tameer Millat Univ - Pakistán
Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University - Pakistán
66 Sadoh, Wilson E. Hombre Univ Benin - Nigeria
University of Benin - Nigeria
67 Schunkert, Heribert Hombre TECH UNIV MUNICH - Alemania
German Ctr Cardiovasc Res - Alemania
Technische Universität München - Alemania
Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. - Alemania
68 Shek, Aleksandr B. Hombre Minist Hlth Republ Uzbekistan - Uzbekistán
Republican Specialized Scientific Practical-Medical Center of Cardiology - Uzbekistán
69 Stoll, Mario Hombre Comis Nacl Salud Cardiovasc - Uruguay
Comision Nacional de Salud Cardiovascular - Uruguay
70 Stroes, Erik Hombre Acad Med Ctr - Países Bajos
Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam - Países Bajos
71 Su, Ta-Chen - Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp - Taiwán
National Taiwan University Hospital - Taiwán
72 Subramaniam, Tavintharan - Admiralty Med Ctr - Singapur
Khoo Teck Puat Hosp - Singapur
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital - Singapur
73 Susekov, Andrey Hombre Minist Hlth - Rusia
Ministry of Health of Russian Federation - Rusia
74 Tilney, Myra Mujer Mater Dei Hosp - Malta
Univ Malta - Malta
L-Università ta' Malta - Malta
Mater Dei Hospital - Malta
75 Tomlinson, Brian Hombre Macau Univ Sci & Technol - China
Macau University of Science and Technology - Macao
Macau University of Science and Technology - China
76 Truong, Thanh Huong - Hanoi Med Univ - Vietnam
Hanoi Medical University - Vietnam
77 Tselepis, Alexandros D. Hombre Univ Ioannina - Grecia
University of Ioannina - Grecia
78 Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne Mujer Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
79 Cárdenas, Alejandra Vázquez - Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina - México
Univ Autonoma Guadalajara - México
79 Vazquez Cardenas, Alejandra Mujer Univ Autonoma Guadalajara - México
Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina - México
80 Viigimaa, Margus Hombre Tallinn Univ Technol - Estonia
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool - Estonia
81 Wang, Luya - Capital Med Univ - China
Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University - China
82 Yamashita, Shizuya - Rinku Gen Med Ctr - Japón
Rinku General Medical Center - Japón
83 Tokgozoglu, Lale Mujer Hacettepe Univ - Turquía
Hacettepe Üniversitesi - Turquía
84 Catapano, Alberico L. Hombre Univ Milan - Italia
Ist Ricovero & Cura Carattere Sci IRCCS MultiMed - Italia
Università degli Studi di Milano - Italia
IRCCS Multimedica - Italia
85 Ray, Kausik K. - Imperial Coll London - Reino Unido
Imperial College London - Reino Unido
86 EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Corporación

Muestra la afiliación y género (detectado) para los co-autores de la publicación.

Financiamiento


Fuente
Foundation for Science and Technology
European Commission
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation
University of Western Australia
Medical Research Council
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
NIHR
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Servier
Medtronic
Sanofi-Aventis
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Vidi
Sanofi
Abbott Laboratories
Bayer
Pfizer
AstraZeneca
Amgen
Boehringer Ingelheim
Merck Sharp Dohme
Novo Nordisk
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
Regeneron
Kowa Company
Imperial College London
BASF
Medicines Company
Daiichi-Sankyo
Japanese Circulation Society
Roche
Astellas Pharma
Menarini
Czech Ministry of Health
Merck Sharp and Dohme
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Daiichi Sankyo
Aegerion
KRKA
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning Change
Bayer Schering
Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
Aegerion Pharmaceuticals
European Atherosclerosis Society
Latvijas Zinātnes Padome
Tyrolean Regional Government
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, UK
Austrian Heart Foundation
Gulf Heart Association
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals
Royal College of Physicians of Thailand
Endocrine Society of Thailand
Siemens Laboratories
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Australasian Network
Epsilon Health
Akebia Therapeutics
SYNLAB Holding Deutschland
Amryt Pharmaceuticals
Asian-Pacific Society of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Disease
BioEazy
Latvian National Research Program Biomedicine for Public Health
Amryt Pharma
Kaneka Medics

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos


Agradecimiento
The EAS FHSC is an academic initiative that has received funding from a Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning & Change 2014 (16157823) and from investigator-initiated research grants to the European Atherosclerosis Society-Imperial College London from Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron. KKR acknowledges support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, UK. KID acknowledges support from a PhD Studentship from NIHR under the Applied Health Research programme for Northwest London, UK (the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health). TF was supported by a grant from the Czech Ministry of Health (NU20-02-00261). JG receives support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The Austrian Familial Hypercholesterolaemia registry has been supported by funds from the Austrian Heart Foundation and the Tyrolean Regional Government. The Gulf Familial Hypercholesterolaemia registry was done under the auspices of the Gulf Heart Association.
CAA-S reports grants from Amgen, during the conduct of the study. FAl reports grants from National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (MAARIFAH) of Saudi Arabia (08-BIO34-10), during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from Amgen, Amryt Pharma, and Algorithma Pharma, outside the submitted work. RA reports personal fees and non-financial support from Tecnofarma, and personal fees from Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Saval, and Teva, outside the submitted work. KA-R reports personal fees from Sanofi and Abbott, outside the submitted work. NA-S reports personal fees from Sanofi, Amgen, Merck, and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. MBa reports grants, personal fees, non-financial support, and other support from Akcea, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Esperion, Freia Pharmaceuticals, Herbapol, Kogen, KRKA, Mylan, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Polfarmex, Polpharma, Resverlogix, Sanofi–Regeneron, Servier, Teva, Valeant, and Zentiva, during the conduct of the study. SB reports grants from Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Amgen, and Sanofi, during the conduct of the study. CJB reports grants from Amgen, Sanofi, and Alexion, during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from Akcea, Novartis, and Amgen, outside the submitted work. MPB reports personal fees from Amgen and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. MBo reports grants from the Science and Technology Foundation (Portugal) and Akcea, both during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. ALC has received honoraria, lecture fees, or research grants from Akcea, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Kowa, Mediolanum, Menarini, Merck, Pfizer, Recordati, Sanofi, Sigma Tau, Medco, and Amryt outside the submitted work. PC reports grants and personal fees from Amgen, and personal fees from PTC Therapeutics, Novartis, and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. OSD reports grants and personal fees from Amgen and Sanofi, and personal fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Daiichi Sankyo, and Novartis, outside the submitted work. KID reports grants from Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron, during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from Bayer, outside the submitted work. TF reports grants from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi, and Amgen, outside the submitted work. JG reports grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, during the conduct of the study. AT-H reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Regeneron, Akcea, Novartis, Silence Therapeutics, and Draupnir Bio, outside the submitted work. MH-S reports grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Japanese Circulation Society, Takeda, Kaneka Medics, and Aegerion; grants and personal fees from Astellas Pharm, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Recordati, and Sanofi; and personal fees from Kowa, Daiichi Sankyo, and Mochida, outside the submitted work. KBH reports grants from Mills and Tine, grants and personal fees from Amgen, and personal fees from Sanofi, outside the submitted work. GKH reports grants from Kowa Research Europe, during the conduct of the study; research grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VIDI), Klinkerpad fonds, and the EU; institutional research support from Aegerion, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Ionis, Kowa, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, and The Medicines Company; speaker's bureau and consulting fees from Amgen, Aegerion, Sanofi, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; and part-time employment by Novo Nordisk. MK reports personal fees from Abbott, Actelion, AstraZeneca, Abdi Ibrahim, Aegerion, Bayer Schering, Menarini, and Sanofi Genzyme; grants and personal fees from Pfizer; and grants from Aegerion, Amyrt Pharma, Amgen, and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. WK reports grants from the Royal College of Physicians of Thailand and the Endocrine Society of Thailand, during the conduct of the study; and grants and other support from Amgen, outside the submitted work. GL reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from the Latvian National Research Program Biomedicine for Public Health 2014–17, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Latvia, and the Latvian Science Council (lzp-2020/1-0151), and personal fees and non-financial support from Amgen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Servier, Sanofi, Mylan, Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, KRKA, and Zentiva, during the conduct of the study; personal fees and non-financial support from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Grindex, Abbott Laboratories, Siemens Laboratories, and Novo Nordisk, and non-financial support from Medtronic, outside the submitted work. EL reports personal fees and non-financial support from the Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society, during the conduct of the study; and personal fees from Amgen, Novartis, Mylan, and Servier, outside the submitted work. ARML reports grants from Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron, during the conduct of the study. ADM reports funding support for genotyping from the Medical Research Council of South Africa. WM reports grants from Siemens Healthineers, AstraZeneca, Bayer Vital, Bestbion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Immundiagnostik, Merck Chemicals, and Olink Proteomics; grants and personal fees from Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Sanofi, Amryt Pharmaceuticals, BASF, Abbott Diagnostics, Numares, Berlin-Chemie, Akzea Therapeutics, and Novartis Pharma; personal fees from Vifor Pharma; and other support from SYNLAB Holding Deutschland, outside the submitted work. HN reports grants from the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education, FH-10 countries, University of Western Australia–Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Australasian Network–Asian-Pacific Society of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Disease, and BioEazy; and non-financial support from the European Atherosclerosis Society, during the conduct of the study. BGN reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Regeneron, Akcea, Amgen, Kowa, Denka Seiken, Amarin, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Esperion, and Silence Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. FJR reports personal fees from Amgen, Sanofi–Aventis, Regeneron, and Novartis, outside the submitted work. KKR reports grants and personal fees from Amgen, Sanofi–Regeneron, Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Daiichi Sankyo; and personal fees from AstraZeneca, The Medicines Company, Kowa, Novartis, Lilly, Algorithm, Boehringer Ingelheim, AbbVie, Silence Therapeutics, Bayer, Esperion, Abbott, New Amsterdam, and Resverlogix, outside the submitted work. ŽR reports personal fees from Sanofi and Novartis, outside the submitted work. RDS reports grants and personal fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Akcea, Biolab, Esperion, EMS, Kowa, Libbs, GETZ Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, PTC Therapeutics, Pfizer, and Sanofi–Regeneron, outside the submitted work. HSc reports personal fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Amgen, Bayer Vital, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Servier, Brahms, Bristol Myers Squibb, Medtronic, Sanofi–Aventis, Synlab, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Vifor, outside the submitted work. CATS reports grants from Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron, during the conduct of the study. ES reports personal fees from Amgen, Sanofi–Regeneron, Esperion, Novartis, and Novo Nordisk, outside the submitted work. AVS reports lecturer honoraria from AstraZeneca, Abbott, KRKA, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Amgen, Servier, Akrichin, and Janssen. MT reports personal fees from Sanofi, outside the submitted work. LT reports personal fees from Abbott, Amgen, Mylan, Sanofi, Novartis, Recordati, Daiichi Sankyo, and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. BT reports personal fees from Amgen, Kowa, and Merck Serono, outside the submitted work. ADT reports grants from AstraZeneca and Epsilon Health, and grants and personal fees from Elpen, Libytec, and Galenica, outside the submitted work. AJVV reports participation in research grants to the European Atherosclerosis Society–Imperial College London from Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron, during the conduct of the study; and personal fees for consulting from Bayer and honoraria for lectures from Amgen, Mylan, and Akcea, outside the submitted work. GFW reports grants and personal fees from Amgen, Regeneron, Sanofi, Novartis, and Arrowhead; and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Kowa, and Esperion, outside the submitted work. SY reports personal fees from Kowa, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Skylight Biotec, Hayashibara, and Recordati Rare Diseases Japan, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.










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