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| DOI | 10.3847/1538-4365/AACEAE | ||||
| Año | 2018 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Emission from protostars at centimeter radio wavelengths has been shown to trace the free-free emission arising from ionizing shocks as a result of jets and outflows driven by protostars. Therefore, measuring properties of protostars at radio frequencies can provide valuable insights into the nature of their outflows and jets. We present a C-band (4.1 and 6.4 cm) survey of all known protostars (Class 0 and Class I) in Perseus as part of the VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey. We examine the known correlations between radio flux density and protostellar parameters, such as bolometric luminosity and outflow force, for our sample. We also investigate the relationship between radio flux density and far-infrared line luminosities from Herschel. We show that free-free emission most likely originates from J-type shocks; however, the large scatter indicates that those two types of emission probe different time and spatial scales. Using C-band fluxes, we removed an estimation of free-free contamination from the corresponding Ka-band (9 mm) flux densities that primarily probe dust emission from embedded disks. We find that the compact (<1") dust emission is lower for Class I sources (median dust mass 96 M-circle plus) relative to Class 0 (248 M-circle plus), but several times higher than in Class II (5-15 M-circle plus). If this compact dust emission is tracing primarily the embedded disk, as is likely for many sources, this result provides evidence of decreasing disk masses with protostellar evolution, with sufficient mass for forming giant planet cores primarily at early times.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tychoniec, Lukasz | Hombre |
Leiden Univ - Países Bajos
Adam Mickiewicz Univ - Polonia Leiden Observatory Research Institute - Países Bajos Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu - Polonia Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos |
| 2 | Tobin, J. J. | Hombre |
Leiden Univ - Países Bajos
UNIV OKLAHOMA - Estados Unidos Leiden Observatory Research Institute - Países Bajos University of Oklahoma - Estados Unidos Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos The University of Oklahoma - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Karska, Agata | Mujer |
Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun - Polonia
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu - Polonia |
| 4 | Chandler, Claire | Mujer |
Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos
National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro - Estados Unidos |
| 5 | Dunham, Michael M. | Hombre |
Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
SUNY Coll Fredonia - Estados Unidos Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos SUNY Fredonia - Estados Unidos State University of New York at Fredonia - Estados Unidos |
| 6 | Harris, Robert J. | Hombre |
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 7 | Kratter, Kaitlin M. | Mujer |
UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos |
| 8 | Li, Zhi-Yun | - |
UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
University of Virginia - Estados Unidos |
| 9 | Looney, Leslie W. W. | Mujer |
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 10 | Melis, C. | Hombre |
Univ Calif San Diego - Estados Unidos
Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences - Estados Unidos |
| 11 | PEREZ-FUENTES, LAURA MILENA | Mujer |
Univ Calif San Diego - Estados Unidos
Universidad de Chile - Chile Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences - Estados Unidos |
| 12 | Sadavoy, Sarah I. | Mujer |
Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 13 | Segura-Cox, Dominique M. | - |
UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos |
| 14 | van Dishoeck, E. F. | - |
Leiden Univ - Países Bajos
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys - Alemania Leiden Observatory Research Institute - Países Bajos Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| European Commission |
| NSF |
| NASA |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Narodowe Centrum Nauki |
| Polish NCN |
| Polish National Science Center |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek |
| Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) |
| European Union A-ERC grant |
| Homer L. Dodge Endowed Chair |
| Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) |
| NASA - Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie |
| Narodowym Centrum Nauki |
| HECOLS International Associated Laboratory |
| Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS) |
| Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen |
| Norsk Sykepleierforbund |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments enhanced the quality of the manuscript. The authors wish to thank Y. Shirley and J. Mottram for sharing data from their previous works, and G. Anglada for insightful comments on the draft. L.T. thanks S. van Terwisga and A. Bosman for stimulating discussions. Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), by a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) professor prize, and by the European Union A-ERC grant 291141 CHEMPLAN. L.T. is supported by the Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS). J.J.T. acknowledges support from the Homer L. Dodge endowed chair, and J.J.T. and L.T. acknowledge support from grant 639.041.439 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). J.J.T. acknowledges past support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant #HST-HF-51300.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. A.K. acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center grant 2016/21/D/ST9/01098. L.T. and A.K. acknowledge support from the HECOLS International Associated Laboratory, supported in part by the Polish NCN grant DEC-2013/08/M/ST9/00664. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA NNX 14AB38G, NSF AST-1313083 and AST-1716259. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. |
| The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments enhanced the quality of the manuscript. The authors wish to thank Y. Shirley and J. Mottram for sharing data from their previous works, and G. Anglada for insightful comments on the draft. Ł.T. thanks S. van Terwisga and A. Bosman for stimulating discussions. Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), by a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) professor prize, and by the European Union A-ERC grant 291141 CHEMPLAN. Ł.T. is supported by the Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS). J.J.T. acknowledges support from the Homer L. Dodge endowed chair, and J.J.T. and Ł.T. acknowledge support from grant 639.041.439 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). J.J.T. acknowledges past support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant #HST-HF-51300.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. A.K. acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center grant 2016/21/D/ST9/01098. Ł.T. and A.K. acknowledge support from the HECOLS International Associated Laboratory, supported in part by the Polish NCN grant DEC-2013/08/M/ ST9/00664. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA NNX 14AB38G, NSF AST-1313083 and AST-1716259. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System. |