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The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). IV. Free-Free Emission from Protostars: Links to Infrared Properties, Outflow Tracers, and Protostellar Disk Masses
Indexado
WoS WOS:000446184800002
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85055690104
DOI 10.3847/1538-4365/AACEAE
Año 2018
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Emission from protostars at centimeter radio wavelengths has been shown to trace the free-free emission arising from ionizing shocks as a result of jets and outflows driven by protostars. Therefore, measuring properties of protostars at radio frequencies can provide valuable insights into the nature of their outflows and jets. We present a C-band (4.1 and 6.4 cm) survey of all known protostars (Class 0 and Class I) in Perseus as part of the VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey. We examine the known correlations between radio flux density and protostellar parameters, such as bolometric luminosity and outflow force, for our sample. We also investigate the relationship between radio flux density and far-infrared line luminosities from Herschel. We show that free-free emission most likely originates from J-type shocks; however, the large scatter indicates that those two types of emission probe different time and spatial scales. Using C-band fluxes, we removed an estimation of free-free contamination from the corresponding Ka-band (9 mm) flux densities that primarily probe dust emission from embedded disks. We find that the compact (<1") dust emission is lower for Class I sources (median dust mass 96 M-circle plus) relative to Class 0 (248 M-circle plus), but several times higher than in Class II (5-15 M-circle plus). If this compact dust emission is tracing primarily the embedded disk, as is likely for many sources, this result provides evidence of decreasing disk masses with protostellar evolution, with sufficient mass for forming giant planet cores primarily at early times.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Tychoniec, Lukasz Hombre Leiden Univ - Países Bajos
Adam Mickiewicz Univ - Polonia
Leiden Observatory Research Institute - Países Bajos
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu - Polonia
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
2 Tobin, J. J. Hombre Leiden Univ - Países Bajos
UNIV OKLAHOMA - Estados Unidos
Leiden Observatory Research Institute - Países Bajos
University of Oklahoma - Estados Unidos
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos
The University of Oklahoma - Estados Unidos
3 Karska, Agata Mujer Nicolaus Copernicus Univ Torun - Polonia
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu - Polonia
4 Chandler, Claire Mujer Natl Radio Astron Observ - Estados Unidos
National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro - Estados Unidos
5 Dunham, Michael M. Hombre Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
SUNY Coll Fredonia - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
SUNY Fredonia - Estados Unidos
State University of New York at Fredonia - Estados Unidos
6 Harris, Robert J. Hombre UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
7 Kratter, Kaitlin M. Mujer UNIV ARIZONA - Estados Unidos
The University of Arizona - Estados Unidos
8 Li, Zhi-Yun - UNIV VIRGINIA - Estados Unidos
University of Virginia - Estados Unidos
9 Looney, Leslie W. W. Mujer UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
10 Melis, C. Hombre Univ Calif San Diego - Estados Unidos
Center for Astrophysics &amp; Space Sciences - Estados Unidos
11 PEREZ-FUENTES, LAURA MILENA Mujer Univ Calif San Diego - Estados Unidos
Universidad de Chile - Chile
Center for Astrophysics &amp; Space Sciences - Estados Unidos
12 Sadavoy, Sarah I. Mujer Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
13 Segura-Cox, Dominique M. - UNIV ILLINOIS - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Estados Unidos
14 van Dishoeck, E. F. - Leiden Univ - Países Bajos
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys - Alemania
Leiden Observatory Research Institute - Países Bajos
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Alemania
Sterrewacht Leiden - Países Bajos

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Origen de Citas Identificadas



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Citas identificadas: Las citas provienen de documentos incluidos en la base de datos de DATACIENCIA

Citas Identificadas: 4.17 %
Citas No-identificadas: 95.83 %

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Citas identificadas: Las citas provienen de documentos incluidos en la base de datos de DATACIENCIA

Citas Identificadas: 4.17 %
Citas No-identificadas: 95.83 %

Financiamiento



Fuente
National Science Foundation
European Commission
NSF
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Polish NCN
Polish National Science Center
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Space Telescope Science Institute
Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA)
European Union A-ERC grant
Homer L. Dodge Endowed Chair
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
NASA - Space Telescope Science Institute
Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie
Narodowym Centrum Nauki
HECOLS International Associated Laboratory
Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS)
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
Norsk Sykepleierforbund

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments enhanced the quality of the manuscript. The authors wish to thank Y. Shirley and J. Mottram for sharing data from their previous works, and G. Anglada for insightful comments on the draft. L.T. thanks S. van Terwisga and A. Bosman for stimulating discussions. Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), by a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) professor prize, and by the European Union A-ERC grant 291141 CHEMPLAN. L.T. is supported by the Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS). J.J.T. acknowledges support from the Homer L. Dodge endowed chair, and J.J.T. and L.T. acknowledge support from grant 639.041.439 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). J.J.T. acknowledges past support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant #HST-HF-51300.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. A.K. acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center grant 2016/21/D/ST9/01098. L.T. and A.K. acknowledge support from the HECOLS International Associated Laboratory, supported in part by the Polish NCN grant DEC-2013/08/M/ST9/00664. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA NNX 14AB38G, NSF AST-1313083 and AST-1716259. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System.
The authors thank the anonymous referee, whose comments enhanced the quality of the manuscript. The authors wish to thank Y. Shirley and J. Mottram for sharing data from their previous works, and G. Anglada for insightful comments on the draft. Ł.T. thanks S. van Terwisga and A. Bosman for stimulating discussions. Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), by a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) professor prize, and by the European Union A-ERC grant 291141 CHEMPLAN. Ł.T. is supported by the Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program for Summer Students (LEAPS). J.J.T. acknowledges support from the Homer L. Dodge endowed chair, and J.J.T. and Ł.T. acknowledge support from grant 639.041.439 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). J.J.T. acknowledges past support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant #HST-HF-51300.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. A.K. acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center grant 2016/21/D/ST9/01098. Ł.T. and A.K. acknowledge support from the HECOLS International Associated Laboratory, supported in part by the Polish NCN grant DEC-2013/08/M/ ST9/00664. Z.Y.L. is supported in part by NASA NNX 14AB38G, NSF AST-1313083 and AST-1716259. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.