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Selective cutoff reporting in studies of the accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: Comparison of results based on published cutoffs versus all cutoffs using individual participant data meta-analysis
Indexado
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85115048600
DOI 10.1002/MPR.1873
Año 2021
Tipo

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract


Objectives: Selectively reported results from only well-performing cutoffs in diagnostic accuracy studies may bias estimates in meta-analyses. We investigated cutoff reporting patterns for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; standard cutoff 10) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; no standard cutoff, commonly used 10–13) and compared accuracy estimates based on published cutoffs versus all cutoffs. Methods: We conducted bivariate random effects meta-analyses using individual participant data to compare accuracy from published versus all cutoffs. Results: For the PHQ-9 (30 studies, N = 11,773), published results underestimated sensitivity for cutoffs below 10 (median difference: −0.06) and overestimated for cutoffs above 10 (median difference: 0.07). EPDS (19 studies, N = 3637) sensitivity estimates from published results were similar for cutoffs below 10 (median difference: 0.00) but higher for cutoffs above 13 (median difference: 0.14). Specificity estimates from published and all cutoffs were similar for both tools. The mean cutoff of all reported cutoffs in PHQ-9 studies with optimal cutoff below 10 was 8.8 compared to 11.8 for those with optimal cutoffs above 10. Mean for EPDS studies with optimal cutoffs below 10 was 9.9 compared to 11.8 for those with optimal cutoffs greater than 10. Conclusion: Selective cutoff reporting was more pronounced for the PHQ-9 than EPDS.

Revista


Revista ISSN
International Journal Of Methods In Psychiatric Research 1049-8931

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Disciplinas de Investigación


WOS
Psychiatry
Scopus
Psychiatry And Mental Health
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional


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Autores - Afiliación


Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Neupane, Dipika - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
School of Medicine - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
2 Levis, Brooke Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
School of Medicine - Canadá
Keele University, School of Medicine - Reino Unido
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
3 Bhandari, Parash M. - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
School of Medicine - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
4 Thombs, Brett D. Hombre Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
School of Medicine - Canadá
Université McGill - Canadá
McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
5 Benedetti, Andrea Mujer School of Medicine - Canadá
Centre universitaire de santé McGill - Canadá
6 Sun, Ying - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
7 He, Chen Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
8 Wu, Yin - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
9 Krishnan, Ankur - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
10 Negeri, Zelalem - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
11 Imran, Mahrukh - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
12 Rice, Danielle B. Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
13 Riehm, Kira E. Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
14 Saadat, Nazanin Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
15 Azar, Marleine Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
16 Sanchez, Tatiana A. Mujer Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
17 Chiovitti, Matthew J. Hombre Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
18 Levis, Alexander W. Hombre Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
19 Boruff, Jill T. Mujer Université McGill - Canadá
20 Cuijpers, Pim - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Países Bajos
Universiteit van Amsterdam - Países Bajos
21 Gilbody, Simon Hombre University of York - Reino Unido
22 Ioannidis, John P.A. Hombre Stanford University School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
23 Kloda, Lorie A. Mujer Concordia University - Canadá
24 Patten, Scott Hombre University of Calgary - Canadá
25 Shrier, Ian - Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research - Canadá
Institut Lady Davis de Recherches Médicales - Canadá
26 Ziegelstein, Roy C. Hombre Johns Hopkins School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
27 Comeau, Liane Mujer University of Montreal - Canadá
28 Mitchell, Nicholas D. Hombre University of Alberta - Canadá
29 Tonelli, Marcello Hombre University of Calgary - Canadá
Cumming School of Medicine - Canadá
30 Vigod, Simone N. Mujer University of Toronto - Canadá
31 Akena, Dickens H. - Makerere University College of Health Sciences - Uganda
32 ALVARADO-MUNOZ, RUBEN VLADIMIR Hombre Universidad de Chile - Chile
33 Arroll, Bruce Hombre The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
34 Bakare, Muideen O. - Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital - Nigeria
35 Baradaran, Hamid R. Hombre Iran University of Medical Sciences - Iran
36 Beck, Cheryl Tatano Mujer School of Nursing - Estados Unidos
37 Bombardier, Charles H. Hombre University of Washington - Estados Unidos
University of Washington School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
38 Bunevicius, Adomas Hombre Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas - Lituania
39 Carter, Gregory Hombre University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine - Australia
University of Newcastle, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing - Australia
40 Chagas, Marcos H. Hombre Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
41 Chaudron, Linda H. Mujer University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry - Estados Unidos
42 Cholera, Rushina - Duke University School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
43 Clover, Kerrie Mujer University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine - Australia
University of Newcastle, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing - Australia
44 Conwell, Yeates - University of Rochester Medical Center - Estados Unidos
45 Castro e Couto, Tiago Hombre Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Brasil
46 de Man-van Ginkel, Janneke M. Mujer University Medical Center Utrecht - Países Bajos
47 Delgadillo, Jaime Hombre The University of Sheffield - Reino Unido
48 Fann, Jesse R. Hombre University of Washington - Estados Unidos
University of Washington School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
49 Favez, Nicolas Hombre Université de Genève - Suiza
50 Fung, Daniel S. S. Hombre Singapore Institute of Mental Health - Singapur
51 Garcia-Esteve, Lluïsa - Hospital Clinic Barcelona - España
52 Gelaye, Bizu - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - Estados Unidos
53 Goodyear-Smith, Felicity Mujer The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
54 Hyphantis, Thomas Hombre Faculty of Medicine - Grecia
55 Inagaki, Masatoshi Hombre Shimane University Faculty of Medicine - Japón
56 Ismail, Khalida Mujer King's College London - Reino Unido
57 Jette, Nathalie Mujer Cumming School of Medicine - Canadá
58 Khalifa, Dina Sami Mujer Medisinske Fakultet - Noruega
59 Khamseh, Mohammad E. Hombre Iran University of Medical Sciences - Iran
60 Kohlhoff, Jane Mujer University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry - Australia
61 Kozinszky, Zoltan Hombre Danderyds Sjukhus - Suecia
62 Kusminskas, Laima Mujer Private Practice - Alemania
63 Liu, Shen Ing - Duke-NUS Medical School - Singapur
64 Lotrakul, Manote - Ramathibodi Hospital - Tailandia
65 Loureiro, Sonia R. Mujer Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
66 Löwe, Bernd Hombre Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf - Alemania
67 Sidik, Sherina Mohd - Universiti Putra Malaysia - Malasia
68 Nakić Radoš, Sandra Mujer Catholic University of Croatia - Croacia
69 Osório, Flávia L. Mujer Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
70 Pawlby, Susan J. Mujer King's College London - Reino Unido
71 Pence, Brian W. Hombre The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Estados Unidos
UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health - Estados Unidos
72 Rochat, Tamsen J. - University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences - República de Sudáfrica
University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences - República de Sudáfrica
73 Rooney, Alasdair G. Hombre The University of Edinburgh - Reino Unido
74 Sharp, Deborah J. Mujer Bristol Medical School - Reino Unido
75 Stafford, Lesley - Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton - Australia
76 Su, Kuan-Pin - China Medical University Hospital - Taiwán
77 Sung, Sharon C. Mujer Duke-NUS Medical School - Singapur
78 Tadinac, Meri Mujer University of Zagreb - Croacia
79 Darius Tandon, S. - Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
80 Thiagayson, Pavaani - Singapore Institute of Mental Health - Singapur
81 Töreki, Annamária Mujer Szegedi Tudományegyetem (SZTE) - Hungría
82 Torres-Giménez, Anna Mujer Hospital Clinic Barcelona - España
83 Turner, Alyna - School of Medicine and Public Health - Australia
84 van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina M. Mujer University of York - Reino Unido
85 Vega-Dienstmaier, Johann M. Hombre Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado - Perú
86 VOHRINGER-CARDENAS, PAUL ALFRED Hombre Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile - Chile
87 White, Jennifer Mujer Monash University - Australia
88 Whooley, Mary A. Mujer University of California, San Francisco - Estados Unidos
UCSF School of Medicine - Estados Unidos
89 Winkley, Kirsty Mujer King's College London - Reino Unido
90 Yamada, Mitsuhiko Hombre National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira - Japón
National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry - Japón

Muestra la afiliación y género (detectado) para los co-autores de la publicación.

Financiamiento


Fuente
Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Fogarty International Center
National Institutes of Health
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Medical Research Council
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Wellcome Trust
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
National Institute of Mental Health
Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
University of Connecticut
University of Washington
University of Melbourne
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
University of Michigan
National Health and Medical Research Council
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Health Research Council of New Zealand
Pfizer
Tuixen Foundation
Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports
Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation
American Psychological Association
Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship
Thomas Wilson Sanitarium
American Federation for Aging Research
National Institute for Health Research
McGill University
China Medical University Hospital
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
U.S. Department of Education
Ischemia Research and Education Foundation
Baylor College of Medicine
Hunter Medical Research Institute
National Health Research Institute, Republic of China
Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research
Department of Veterans
Oxford University
Tier 1 Canada Research Chair
Office of AIDS Research
National Cancer Center
Universität Heidelberg
McGill University Health Centre
Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
National Health Service Lothian Neuro-Oncology Endowment Fund
Women's Institute
Department of Health and Social Care
Tejada Family Foundation
Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales
Postgraduate Research Student Support Accounts of the University of Auckland
National Health Service Lothian Neuro‐Oncology Endowment Fund
Fogarty Global Health Fellows Program Consortium
Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos


Agradecimiento
This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; KRS-134297, KRS 140994). Ms. Neupane was supported by G.R. Caverhill Fellowship from the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Dr. Levis was supported by a CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship doctoral award and a Fonds de recherche du Qu?bec?Sant? (FRQS) Postdoctoral Award. Mr. Bhandari was supported by a studentship from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre. Dr.?Thombs was supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair. Dr.?Benedetti was supported by a FRQS researcher salary awards. Dr.?Wu was supported by a FRQS Postdoctoral Training Fellowship. Ms. Rice was supported by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. Ms. Riehm and Ms. Saadat were supported by CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship master's awards. Ms. Azar and Mr. Levis were supported by FRQS Masters Training Awards. The primary study by Alvarado et?al. was supported by the Ministry of Health of Chile. Collection of data for the study by Arroll et?al. was supported by a project grant from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. The primary study by Khamseh et?al. was supported by a grant (M-288) from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The primary study by Beck et?al. was supported by the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation and the University of Connecticut Research Foundation. The primary study by Bombardier et?al. was supported by the Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems: University of Washington (H133N060033), Baylor College of Medicine (H133N060003), and University of Michigan (H133N060032). Prof. Robertas Bunevicius, MD, PhD (1958-2016) was Principal Investigator of the primary study by Bunevicius et?al, but passed away and was unable to participate in this project. The primary study by Chaudron et?al. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH64476). Dr. Cholera was supported by a United States National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant (5F30MH096664), and the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of the Director, Fogarty International Center, Office of AIDS Research, National Cancer Center, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, and the NIH Office of Research for Women's Health through the Fogarty Global Health Fellows Program Consortium (1R25TW00934001) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Dr. Conwell received support from NIMH (R24MH071604) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R49 CE002093). The primary study by Couto et?al. was supported by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq; g444254/2014-5) and the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG; gAPQ-01954-14). Collection of data for the primary study by Delgadillo et?al. was supported by grant from St. Anne's Community Services, Leeds, United Kingdom. Collection of data for the primary study by Fann et?al. was supported by grant RO1 HD39415 from the US National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research. The primary study by Tissot et?al. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (32003B 125493). The primary study by Garcia-Esteve et?al. was supported by grant 7/98 from the Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Women's Institute, Spain. Data for the primary study by Gelaye et?al. was supported by grant from the NIH (T37 MD001449). The primary study by Inagaki et?al. was supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. The primary study by Twist et?al. was funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (RP-PG-0606-1142). The primary study by Phillips et?al. was supported by a scholarship from the National Health and Medical and Research Council (NHMRC). The primary study by Liu et?al. (2011) was funded by a grant from the National Health Research Institute, Republic of China (NHRI-EX97-9706PI). The primary study by Lotrakul et?al. was supported by the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand [49086]. Dr. Bernd L?we received research grants from Pfizer, Germany, and from the medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Germany (project 121/2000) for the study by Gr?fe et?al. The primary study by Mohd Sidik et?al. was funded under the Research University Grant Scheme from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia and the Postgraduate Research Student Support Accounts of the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The primary study by Naki? Rado? et?al. was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports (134-0000000-2421). The primary study by Pawlby et?al. was supported by a Medical Research Council UK Project Grant (G89292999N). Collection of primary data for the study by Pence et?al. was provided by NIMH (R34MH084673). The primary study by Rochat et?al. was supported by grants from the?University of Oxford (HQ5035), the Tuixen Foundation (9940), the Wellcome Trust (082384/Z/07/Z and 071571), and the American Psychological Association. Dr. Rochat receives salary support from a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (211374/Z/18/Z). The primary study by Rooney et?al. was funded by the United Kingdom National Health Service Lothian Neuro-Oncology Endowment Fund. Dr. Stafford received PhD scholarship funding from the University of Melbourne. The primary study by Su et?al. was supported by grants from the Department of Health (DOH94F044 and DOH95F022) and the China Medical University and Hospital (CMU94-105, DMR-92-92 and DMR94-46). The primary study by Tandon et?al. was funded by the Thomas Wilson Sanitarium. Collection of data for the studies by Turner et?al. (2012) were funded by a bequest from Jennie Thomas through the Hunter Medical Research Institute. The study by van Steenbergen-Weijenburg et?al. was funded by Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars. The primary study by Vega-Dienstmaier et?al. was supported by Tejada Family Foundation, Inc, and Peruvian-American Endowment, Inc. Dr V?hringer was supported by the Fund for Innovation and Competitiveness of the Chilean Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, through the Millennium Scientific Initiative (IS130005). The primary study by Thombs et?al. was done with data from the Heart and Soul Study. The Heart and Soul Study was funded by the Department of Veterans Epidemiology Merit Review Program, the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development service, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01 HL079235), the American Federation for Aging Research, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation. Collection of data for the primary study by Gjerdingen et?al. was supported by grants from the NIMH (R34 MH072925, K02 MH65919, P30 DK50456). No other authors reported funding for primary studies or for their work on the present study.
This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; KRS-134297, KRS 140994). Ms. Neupane was supported by G.R. Caverhill Fellowship from the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Dr. Levis was supported by a CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship doctoral award and a Fonds de recherche du Qu?bec?Sant? (FRQS) Postdoctoral Award. Mr. Bhandari was supported by a studentship from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre. Dr.?Thombs was supported by a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair. Dr.?Benedetti was supported by a FRQS researcher salary awards. Dr.?Wu was supported by a FRQS Postdoctoral Training Fellowship. Ms. Rice was supported by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. Ms. Riehm and Ms. Saadat were supported by CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship master's awards. Ms. Azar and Mr. Levis were supported by FRQS Masters Training Awards. The primary study by Alvarado et?al. was supported by the Ministry of Health of Chile. Collection of data for the study by Arroll et?al. was supported by a project grant from the Health Research Council of New Zealand. The primary study by Khamseh et?al. was supported by a grant (M-288) from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The primary study by Beck et?al. was supported by the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation and the University of Connecticut Research Foundation. The primary study by Bombardier et?al. was supported by the Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems: University of Washington (H133N060033), Baylor College of Medicine (H133N060003), and University of Michigan (H133N060032). Prof. Robertas Bunevicius, MD, PhD (1958-2016) was Principal Investigator of the primary study by Bunevicius et?al, but passed away and was unable to participate in this project. The primary study by Chaudron et?al. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH64476). Dr. Cholera was supported by a United States National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant (5F30MH096664), and the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of the Director, Fogarty International Center, Office of AIDS Research, National Cancer Center, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, and the NIH Office of Research for Women's Health through the Fogarty Global Health Fellows Program Consortium (1R25TW00934001) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Dr. Conwell received support from NIMH (R24MH071604) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R49 CE002093). The primary study by Couto et?al. was supported by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq; g444254/2014-5) and the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG; gAPQ-01954-14). Collection of data for the primary study by Delgadillo et?al. was supported by grant from St. Anne's Community Services, Leeds, United Kingdom. Collection of data for the primary study by Fann et?al. was supported by grant RO1 HD39415 from the US National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research. The primary study by Tissot et?al. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (32003B 125493). The primary study by Garcia-Esteve et?al. was supported by grant 7/98 from the Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Women's Institute, Spain. Data for the primary study by Gelaye et?al. was supported by grant from the NIH (T37 MD001449). The primary study by Inagaki et?al. was supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. The primary study by Twist et?al. was funded by the UK National Institute for Health Research under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (RP-PG-0606-1142). The primary study by Phillips et?al. was supported by a scholarship from the National Health and Medical and Research Council (NHMRC). The primary study by Liu et?al. (2011) was funded by a grant from the National Health Research Institute, Republic of China (NHRI-EX97-9706PI). The primary study by Lotrakul et?al. was supported by the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand [49086]. Dr. Bernd L?we received research grants from Pfizer, Germany, and from the medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Germany (project 121/2000) for the study by Gr?fe et?al. The primary study by Mohd Sidik et?al. was funded under the Research University Grant Scheme from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia and the Postgraduate Research Student Support Accounts of the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The primary study by Naki? Rado? et?al. was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports (134-0000000-2421). The primary study by Pawlby et?al. was supported by a Medical Research Council UK Project Grant (G89292999N). Collection of primary data for the study by Pence et?al. was provided by NIMH (R34MH084673). The primary study by Rochat et?al. was supported by grants from the?University of Oxford (HQ5035), the Tuixen Foundation (9940), the Wellcome Trust (082384/Z/07/Z and 071571), and the American Psychological Association. Dr. Rochat receives salary support from a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (211374/Z/18/Z). The primary study by Rooney et?al. was funded by the United Kingdom National Health Service Lothian Neuro-Oncology Endowment Fund. Dr. Stafford received PhD scholarship funding from the University of Melbourne. The primary study by Su et?al. was supported by grants from the Department of Health (DOH94F044 and DOH95F022) and the China Medical University and Hospital (CMU94-105, DMR-92-92 and DMR94-46). The primary study by Tandon et?al. was funded by the Thomas Wilson Sanitarium. Collection of data for the studies by Turner et?al. (2012) were funded by a bequest from Jennie Thomas through the Hunter Medical Research Institute. The study by van Steenbergen-Weijenburg et?al. was funded by Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars. The primary study by Vega-Dienstmaier et?al. was supported by Tejada Family Foundation, Inc, and Peruvian-American Endowment, Inc. Dr V?hringer was supported by the Fund for Innovation and Competitiveness of the Chilean Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, through the Millennium Scientific Initiative (IS130005). The primary study by Thombs et?al. was done with data from the Heart and Soul Study. The Heart and Soul Study was funded by the Department of Veterans Epidemiology Merit Review Program, the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development service, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01 HL079235), the American Federation for Aging Research, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation. Collection of data for the primary study by Gjerdingen et?al. was supported by grants from the NIMH (R34 MH072925, K02 MH65919, P30 DK50456). No other authors reported funding for primary studies or for their work on the present study.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.










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