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Long Term Evolution of Surface Features on the Red Supergiant AZ Cyg
Indexado
WoS WOS:000702528600001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85116871478
DOI 10.3847/1538-4357/AC0C7E
Año 2021
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



We present H-band interferometric observations of the red supergiant (RSG) AZ Cyg that were made with the Michigan Infra-Red Combiner (MIRC) at the six-telescope Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array. The observations span 5 yr (2011-2016), which offers insight into the short and long-term evolution of surface features on RSGs. Using a spectrum of AZ Cyg obtained with SpeX on the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF) and synthetic spectra calculated from spherical MARCS, spherical PHOENIX, and SAtlas model atmospheres, we derive T eff is between 3972 K and 4000 K and log g between -0.50 and 0.00, depending on the stellar model used. Using fits to the squared visibility and GAIA parallaxes, we measure its average radius R = 911-50+57 R⊙. Reconstructions of the stellar surface using our model-independent imaging codes SQUEEZE and OITOOLS.jl show a complex surface with small bright features that appear to vary on a timescale of less than one year and larger features that persist for more than one year. The 1D power spectra of these images suggest a characteristic size of 0.52-0.69 R ∗ for the larger, long lived features. This is close to the values of 0.51-0.53 R ∗ that are derived from 3D RHD models of stellar surfaces. We conclude that interferometric imaging of this star is in line with predictions of 3D RHD models but that short-term imaging is needed to more stringently test predictions of convection in RSGs.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Astrophysical Journal 0004-637X

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Norris, R. Hombre New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology - Estados Unidos
New Mexico Inst Min & Technol - Estados Unidos
2 Baron, Fabien Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
3 Monnier, John D. Hombre University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Estados Unidos
UNIV MICHIGAN - Estados Unidos
4 Paladini, Claudia Mujer European Southern Observatory Santiago - Chile
ESO - Chile
European Southern Observ - Chile
5 Anderson, Matthew D. Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
6 Martinez, Arturo O. Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
7 Schaefer, Gail H. Mujer Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
8 Che, X. -
9 Chiavassa, Andrea Mujer Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur - Francia
Univ Cote dAzur - Francia
10 Connelley, Michael Hombre University Hawaii Institute for Astronomy - Estados Unidos
Univ Hawaii - Estados Unidos
11 Farrington, Christopher D. Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
12 Gies, Douglas Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
13 Kiss, L. Hombre Konkoly Observatory - Hungría
The University of Sydney - Australia
Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem - Hungría
Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci - Hungría
Eotvos Lorand Univ - Hungría
UNIV SYDNEY - Australia
14 Lester, John B. Hombre University of Toronto - Canadá
UNIV TORONTO - Canadá
Univ Toronto Mississauga - Canadá
15 Montarges, M. Hombre KU Leuven - Bélgica
Katholieke Univ Leuven - Bélgica
16 Neilson, Hilding Hombre University of Toronto - Canadá
UNIV TORONTO - Canadá
17 Majoinen, Olli Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
18 Pedretti, E. Hombre L'Observatoire de Paris - Francia
Sorbonne Univ - Francia
19 Ridgway, Stephen T. Hombre NSF's NOIRLab - Estados Unidos
NSFs NOIRLab - Estados Unidos
NOIRLab - Estados Unidos
20 Roettenbacher, Rachael M. Mujer Yale University - Estados Unidos
YALE UNIV - Estados Unidos
21 Scott, Nicholas J. Hombre NASA Ames Research Center - Estados Unidos
NASA - Estados Unidos
22 Sturmann, Judit Mujer Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
23 Sturmann, Laszlo - Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
24 Thureau, Nathalie Mujer Farr Institute Scotland - Reino Unido
Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter - Reino Unido
25 Vargas, Norman Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos
26 ten Brummelaar, Theo Hombre Georgia State University - Estados Unidos
Georgia State Univ - Estados Unidos

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Financiamiento



Fuente
National Science Foundation
NSF
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Office for Research at New Mexico Tech

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
F.B. and R.N. would like to acknowledge funding of this research through NSF Awards #1616483 and #1814777. R.N. would also like to acknowledge start-up funding from the Office for Research at New Mexico Tech. This work is based upon observations obtained with the Georgia State University Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array at Mount Wilson Observatory. The CHARA Array is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-1636624 and AST-1715788. Institutional support has been provided from the GSU College of Arts and Sciences and the GSU Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development.r This work is based upon observations obtained with the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.r This research has made use of the Jean-Marie Mariotti Center OIFits Explorer24 and Aspro25 services. This research has also made use of the SIMBAD database and the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI:10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in Ochsenbein et al. (2000). This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.r This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.