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Stratigraphic evidence of two historical tsunamis on the semi-arid coast of north-central Chile
Indexado
WoS WOS:000694899400006
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85110570262
DOI 10.1016/J.QUASCIREV.2021.107052
Año 2021
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



On September 16, 2015, a Mw 8.3 earthquake struck the north-central Chile coast, triggering a tsunami observed along 500 km of coastline, between Huasco (28.5°S) and San Antonio (33.5°S). This tsunami provided a unique opportunity to examine the nature of tsunami deposits in a semi-arid, siliciclastic environment where stratigraphic and sedimentological records of past tsunamis are difficult to distinguish. To improve our ability to identify such evidence, we targeted one of the few low-energy, organic-rich depositional environments in north-central Chile: Pachingo marsh in Tongoy Bay (30.3°S). We found sedimentary evidence of the 2015 and one previous tsunami as tabular sand sheets. Both deposits are composed of poorly to moderately sorted, gray-brown, fine-to medium-grained sand and are distinct from underlying and overlying organic-rich silt. Both sand beds thin (from ∼20 cm to <1 cm) and fine landward, and show normal grading. The older sand bed is thicker and extends over 125 m further inland than the 2015 tsunami deposit. To model the relative size of the tsunamis that deposited each sand bed, we employed tsunami flow inversion. Our results show that the older sand bed was produced by higher flow speeds and depths than those in 2015. Anthropogenic evidence along with 137Cs and 210Pb dating constrains the age of the older tsunami to the last ∼110 years. We suggest that the older sand bed was deposited by the large tsunami in 1922 CE sourced to the north of our study site. This deposit represents the first geologic evidence of a pre-2015 tsunami along the semi-arid north-central Chile coast and highlights the current and continuing tsunami hazard in the region.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Quaternary Science Reviews 0277-3791

Métricas Externas



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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Geography, Physical
Scopus
Geology
Archeology (Arts And Humanities)
Archeology
Global And Planetary Change
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior And Systematics
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 DePaolis, Jessica M. Mujer Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University - Estados Unidos
VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
2 Dura, Tina Mujer Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University - Estados Unidos
VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
3 MacInnes, Breanyn - Central Washington University - Estados Unidos
Cent Washington Univ - Estados Unidos
4 Ely, L. L. Mujer Central Washington University - Estados Unidos
Cent Washington Univ - Estados Unidos
5 CISTERNAS-VEGA, MAURICIO ALEJANDRO Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile
6 CARVAJAL-TOCORNAL, MARCELA ANDREA Mujer Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile
7 Tang, Hui - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) - Alemania
German Res Ctr Geosci - Alemania
8 Fritz, Hermann M. Hombre Georgia Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
Georgia Inst Technol - Estados Unidos
College of Engineering - Estados Unidos
9 Mizobe, Cyntia Mujer Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile
10 Wesson, Robert L. Hombre United States Geological Survey - Estados Unidos
US GEOL SURVEY - Estados Unidos
11 Figueroa, Gino Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile
12 Brennan, Nicole Mujer University of Rhode Island - Estados Unidos
UNIV RHODE ISL - Estados Unidos
The University of Rhode Island - Estados Unidos
13 Horton, Benjamin P. Hombre Asian School of the Environment - Singapur
Earth Observatory of Singapore - Singapur
Nanyang Technol Univ - Singapur
14 Pilarczyk, Jessica E. Mujer Simon Fraser University - Canadá
Simon Fraser Univ - Canadá
15 Corbett, D. Reide - East Carolina University - Estados Unidos
East Carolina Univ - Estados Unidos
16 Gill, Benjamin C. Hombre Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University - Estados Unidos
VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
17 Weiss, Robert Hombre Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University - Estados Unidos
VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos

Muestra la afiliación y género (detectado) para los co-autores de la publicación.

Financiamiento



Fuente
National Science Foundation
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
FONDECYT-Chile
Canada Research Chair Program
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
National Science Foundation (NSF)
NSERC
Ministry of Education - Singapore
National Research Foundation Singapore
Canada Foundation for Innovation
Canada Research Chairs
U.S. government
Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund
CFI-JELF
Millennium Scientific Initiative of the Chilean government
Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative
Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI-JELF)

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
We would like to extend our thanks to Trent Adams for his assistance with sample collection during fieldwork. T.D. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-1624795 and EAR-1624533, and L.E. and B.M. were supported by NSF award EAR-1624542. M.C. C.M, G.F. and M.Ca. were supported by the FONDECYT-Chile, project N° 1190258 and by the Millennium Scientific Initiative of the Chilean government through grant NC160025 “Millennium Nucleus CYCLO The Seismic Cycle Along Subduction Zones”. M.Ca acknowledges the support from FONDECYT-Chile, project N° 1181479. This work was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI-JELF), Canada Research Chair Program, and an NSERC Discovery grant to JP. This is a contribution to the PALSEA (Palaeo-Constraints on Sea-Level Rise), a working group of the International Union for Quaternary Sciences (INQUA) and Past Global Changes (PAGES), and International Geoscience Program (IGCP) International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 725 “Forecasting Coastal Change”. BPH is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE2019-T3-1-004 and MOE2018-T2-1-030, and the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. This work comprises EOS contribution number 374. We would also like to thank Alan Nelson, Rob Witter, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive critiques that helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
We would like to extend our thanks to Trent Adams for his assistance with sample collection during fieldwork. T.D. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-1624795 and EAR-1624533, and L.E. and B.M. were supported by NSF award EAR-1624542. M.C. C.M, G.F. and M.Ca. were supported by the FONDECYT-Chile, project N? 1190258 and by the Millennium Scientific Initiative of the Chilean government through grant NC160025 ?Millennium Nucleus CYCLO The Seismic Cycle Along Subduction Zones?. M.Ca acknowledges the support from FONDECYT-Chile, project N? 1181479. This work was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI-JELF), Canada Research Chair Program, and an NSERC Discovery grant to JP. This is a contribution to the PALSEA (Palaeo-Constraints on Sea-Level Rise), a working group of the International Union for Quaternary Sciences (INQUA) and Past Global Changes (PAGES), and International Geoscience Program (IGCP) International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 725 ?Forecasting Coastal Change?. BPH is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE2019-T3-1-004 and MOE2018-T2-1-030, and the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. This work comprises EOS contribution number 374. We would also like to thank Alan Nelson, Rob Witter, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive critiques that helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
We would like to extend our thanks to Trent Adams for his assistance with sample collection during fieldwork. T.D. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-1624795 and EAR-1624533, and L.E. and B.M. were supported by NSF award EAR-1624542. M.C., C.M, G.F., and M.Ca. were supported by the FONDECYT-Chile, project No 1190258 and by the Millennium Scientific Initiative of the Chilean government through grant NC160025 "Millennium Nucleus CYCLO The Seismic Cycle Along Subduction Zones". M.Ca acknowledges the support from FONDECYT-Chile, project N~ 1181479. This work was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI-JELF), Canada Research Chair Program, and an NSERC Discovery grant to JP. This is a contribution to the PALSEA (Palaeo-Constraints on Sea-Level Rise), aworking group of the International Union for Quaternary Sciences (INQUA) and Past Global Changes (PAGES), and International Geoscience Program (IGCP) International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Project 725 "Forecasting Coastal Change". BPH is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE2019-T3-1-004 and MOE2018-T2-1-030, and the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. This work comprises EOS contribution number 374. We would also like to thank Alan Nelson, Rob Witter, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive critiques that helped improve this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.