After the first decades of the twentieth century, and coinciding with the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas (1934-1940), Mexican Marxist writers like Rafael Ramos Pedrueza set out to promote a revisionist exercise in the history of Mexico. His particular conception of the past, in the light of historical materialism, allowed him to make a reading of the Spanish conquest and the long viceroyalty of New Spain. Thus, and in this context, the objective of this article is to analyze Ramos Pedrueza's contributions around these historical phenomena, as well as his analysis of the concept of "Madre Patria", one of the main elements of Hispanic thought of the time. In a context marked by the Spanish Civil War, and supporting his desire for universal fraternity, Ramos Pedrueza will make his idea of Spain -and the "two Spain"- a lesson of obligatory learning for Mexico and the rest of Hispanic America.