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Neotectonic evidence for Late Quaternary reverse faulting in the northern Chile outer forearc (22.5° S-23° S): Implications for seismic hazard
Indexado
WoS WOS:000663050900001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85102895197
DOI 10.1016/J.JSAMES.2021.103219
Año 2021
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



In the northern Chile outer forearc (19 degrees S to 23 degrees S), extension is the dominant deformation style conducted by crustal faults during the Neogene-Quaternary. Most of this extension has been produced by normal faulting along submeridian branches of the Atacama Fault System (AFS). During the Late Quaternary, several of these faults have built conspicuous metric-scale normal faulting scarps in alluvial deposits; the construction of these scarps has been related, in some cases, to M similar to 7 normal faulting paleoearthquakes. On the contrary, shortening during this time span has only been locally reported. Until now, no metric-scale reverse faulting scarps have been documented along submeridian strands of the AFS. This study presents novel evidence corresponding to reverse fault scarps produced during the Late Quaternary by three NNE and NNW trending faults in the outer forearc between 22.5 degrees S and 23 degrees S: the El Toro (ETF), Caliche (CF), and Sierra Valenzuela (SVF) faults. These scarps, with up to 2.5 m height, developed in basement rocks, pre-Quaternary, and/or Quaternary alluvial deposits. Based on their characteristics and the evidence suggesting that similar fault scarps in the Andean forearc have a seismogenic origin, we interpret that these neotectonic landforms were produced by single reverse faulting paleoearthquakes. Considering the maximum scarp height as a proxy for the coseismic slip and fault length as a proxy for surface rupture length, we have estimated magnitudes between M6.2 and M6.9 for the causative rupture events. To discuss how reverse crustal faulting may be related to the interseismic and/or coseismic stages of the subduction cycle, we perform elastic dislocation models to calculate the horizontal displacement fields (at 0 and 20 km depth) induced by the interplate locking distribution in the area (over a seismic cycle) and three megathrust earthquakes (Antofagasta, 1995, Tocopilla, 2007, and a synthetic rupture). Modeling results suggest that the studied faults may experience reverse slip during both stages of the subduction cycle. We propose that the ETF, CF and SVF are faults capable of producing moderate-to-large earthquakes in the future. Finally, we reinforce the need to address the earthquake potential of the studied faults, and others similar to them, to acquire a complete assessment of the seismic hazard in the northern Chile outer forearc.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Scopus
Geology
Stratigraphy
Paleontology
Earth Surface Processes
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Cortes-Aranda, J. - Universidad de Concepción - Chile
Millennium Nucleus Seism Cycle Subduct Zones CYCL - Chile
Núcleo Milenio el Ciclo Sísmico a lo largo de Zonas de Subducción - Chile
2 Gonzalez, R. - Universidad Católica del Norte - Chile
3 Fernandez, V - SRK Consulting Chile - Chile
SRK Consulting (Chile) S.A. - Chile
4 ASTUDILLO-SOTOMAYOR, LUIS ALBERTO Hombre Universidad de Concepción - Chile
5 Miller, Matthew Hombre Universidad de Concepción - Chile
6 Molina, D. - Universidad de Concepción - Chile
7 Oviedo, A. - Universidad de Concepción - Chile

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Financiamiento



Fuente
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
FONDECYT Iniciacion project
ANID
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
National Research and Development Agency
National Research and Development Agency (ANID)
Marie Labat
Angelo Villalobos

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
Research undertaken by the first author is financed by the 11180509 Fondecyt Iniciacion project. He is also young researcher of the Millennium Nucleus CYCLO. Luis Astudillo, Diego Molina and Adrian Oviedo are financed by the National Research and Development Agency (ANID) . We thank Angelo Villalobos for participating in field campaigns and Daniel Melnick for useful discussions during the paper preparation. Reviews by two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript; we also thank Dr. Carlos Costa for inviting us to this Special Issue. The first author is grateful to the following people for providing logistic support during the preparation of the revised version of this paper: Joaquin Cortes A., Lilians Aranda A., Carolina Ojeda S., Francisco Cortes A., Julieta Tapia O.; Elodie, Philippe and Marie Labat; and Pierre and Sophie Saladin.
Research undertaken by the first author is financed by the 11180509 Fondecyt Iniciación project. He is also young researcher of the Millennium Nucleus CYCLO. Luis Astudillo, Diego Molina and Adrián Oviedo are financed by the National Research and Development Agency ( ANID ). We thank Angelo Villalobos for participating in field campaigns and Daniel Melnick for useful discussions during the paper preparation. Reviews by two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript; we also thank Dr. Carlos Costa for inviting us to this Special Issue. The first author is grateful to the following people for providing logistic support during the preparation of the revised version of this paper: Joaquín Cortés A., Lilians Aranda A., Carolina Ojeda S., Francisco Cortés A., Julieta Tapia O.; Élodie, Philippe and Marie Labat; and Pierre and Sophie Saladin.
Research undertaken by the first author is financed by the 11180509 Fondecyt Iniciación project. He is also young researcher of the Millennium Nucleus CYCLO. Luis Astudillo, Diego Molina and Adrián Oviedo are financed by the National Research and Development Agency ( ANID ). We thank Angelo Villalobos for participating in field campaigns and Daniel Melnick for useful discussions during the paper preparation. Reviews by two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript; we also thank Dr. Carlos Costa for inviting us to this Special Issue. The first author is grateful to the following people for providing logistic support during the preparation of the revised version of this paper: Joaquín Cortés A., Lilians Aranda A., Carolina Ojeda S., Francisco Cortés A., Julieta Tapia O.; Élodie, Philippe and Marie Labat; and Pierre and Sophie Saladin.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.