This chapter argues that the geopolitics of the twenty-first century is and mainly will be environmental geopolitics. Within this framework, Latin America, due to its biogeographic features, will be faced with enormous sovereignty challenges from the interventionist interest of power of the Global North, with the purpose of having access, to appropriate and to manage their ecosystems. Those have the singularity of being located at Latin America or in a region or very close to it and are considered key to the functioning of the global or planetary ecosystem, such as the Amazonian space, the freshwater resource and the Antarctic region.