In Argentinian recent political economic context, industry in general and SMEs in particular suffer from conjunctural constraints that express unresolved structural aspects, legacies of the advance of neoliberalism throughout the region: countervailing effects of economic openness, predominance of production and investment in commodities demanded in the international market, expansion of services over the manufacturing industry, limited process of re-investment in productive capital which, together, although with heterogeneities, denote a minor industrial development. From the study of Mendoza's regional economy situation, particularly of its agroindustrial complex, we seek to discern signs of destruction or reinvention of industrial production. Based on a sociological perspective, in the analysis we differentiate the composition of this complex in terms of productive agents, their participation and practices resulting from recent changes. Through the examination of three cases of agroindustrial SMEs, we considered that the constraints imposed by distribution-marketing chains define the dynamics of the regional agro-industry, as a consequence part of the industrial companies and primary producers bankrupt, are emptied, abandoned (local productive capital is destroyed) or absorbed by other larger companies. Only a few are reinventing themselves by adapting to these constraints.