The aim of this article is twofold. First, to philosophically contextualize the neuroscientific research on consciousness carried out by Stanislas Dehaene, taking as a fundamental reference his work Consciousness and the Brain. Deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts (2014), where he presents a program for a science of consciousness and a synthesis of a relevant part of recent research on the subject. In relation to this objective, the distinction between access consciussness and phenomenological consciousness will be introduced, on the one hand, and the distinction between the easy problem and the difficult problem of consciousness, on the other. Secondly, some of Dehaene's proposals will be critically discussed from a conceptual and epistemological point of view, in particular, the notions of signature of consciousness and brain decoding/mind reading.