This article analyzes for the first time the important role that music played in in the personal y political project of the Peruvian intellectual and writer Pablo de Olavide y Jauregui (1725-1803). Based on a critical review of the previous bibliography and the unpublished information contained in the National Historical Archive of Madrid, we explore Olavide's musical tastes and preferences, his interest in lyrical theater, his development of the model of soiree with music attended by illustrated music lovers -he himself was a singer and keyboard performer- and the projection of his musical ideology in the colonies of the Nuevas Poblaciones de Andalucia y Sierra Morena, of which he was promoter and leader between 1767 and 1776.