The National Security Doctrine in Argentina involved statal and parastatal persecution of every dissidence, not only under dictatorial governments but also during the brief constitutional period between 1973 and 1976. Far from limiting from the big urban centres, the repression achieved far and relatively oblivious to the political unrest places, such as the case of El Bolson (Rio Negro), where the main target was the public health staff. From a micro-historical approach, this article pretends to contribute key concepts to complex the definition of the persecuted "internal enemy".