This article compares the transformations in the discourses of national reconciliation that have predominated in Chile and Spain after far-reaching political dictatorships. The polysemy of “reconciliation” has been analyzed by selecting key historical facts from the two countries' respective political transitions to the present. It thus allowed for distinguishing different predispositions for reconciliation that exist and are modified in both countries. These types are divided into “open” and “closed” predispositions that exist and are combined over time. In Spain, as will be proven here, closed predispositions have been almost completely predominant since the beginning of its political transition, giving rise to the issue of a persistent “impunity model”.